Exfoliative cytology in pregnant and non-pregnant females of lagostomus maximus
Abstract
Exfoliative cytology or colpocytogram is a common laboratory method for recognizing cyclical changes in the vaginal epithelium. Different types of viscacha (Lagostomus maximus) vaginal epithelial cells are described. A reference pattern of morphological changes occurring in the vagina of these females in different physiological states is established. Animals were divided into four groups: anestrous, follicular phase, early pregnancy and pregnancy at term. Basal, intermediate and superficial cyanophilic, superficial eosinophilic, cornifiedand mucous cells as well as leukocytes were observed. Abundant leukocytes and basal cells were observed in females with anestrous. Superficial eosinophilic cells prevail during the follicular phase while the number of leukocytes decreased. In pregnant females mucous cells were abundant. Cyanophilic intermediate and basal cells were more abundant in these females than during the follicular phase. Colpocytogram is a technique that can be used in the viscacha for diagnosing pregnancy due to the high percentage of mucous cells observed. While leukocytes were present in all samples, the percentage of superficial eosinophilic cells could be taken as an indicator for the detection of estrus.
Keywords: vagina, colpocytogram, hystricomorpha, sexual cycle.
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References
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Bekyürek T, Liman N, Bayram G (2001) Diagnosis of sexual cycle by means of vaginal smear method in the Chinchilla (Chinchilla lanígera). Lab Anim 36: 51-60.
Bennet JP, Vickery BH (1970) Rats and Mice. En: Reproduction and Breeding Techniques for Laboratory Animals, Hafez ESE (ed) Editorial Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia, pp. 299-315.
Buchanan DL, Kurita T, Taylor JA, Lubahan DB, Cunha GR, Cooke PS (1998) Role of stromal and epithelial estrogen receptors in vaginal epithelial proliferation, stratification and cornification. Endocrinology 139: 4345-4352.
Centola GM (1978) Surface features of exfoliated vaginal epithelial cells during the oestrous cycle of the rat examined by scanning electron microscopy. J Anat 127: 553-561.
Deanesly R (1966) Pro-oestrus in the guinea –pig: hormonal stimulation of the vaginal epithelium. J Reprod Fertil 12: 205-212.
Felipe AE, Bianchi CP (2009) Characterization of cellular types during the estrous cycle of the Myocastor coypus (COYPU). Scientifur 33: 49-53.
Felipe AE, Castro A, Callejas SS, Cabodevila JA (2000). Morphological study of the vagina of the Myocastor coypus (Coypo). Rev Chil Anat 18: 231-235.
Felipe AE, Cabodevila JA, Callejas SS (2001) Characterization of the estrous cycle of the Myocasor coypus (coypo) by means of exfoliative colpocitology. J Neotrop Mammal 8: 129-137.
Flamini MA, Barbeito CG, Gimeno, EJ, Portiansky EL (2002) Morphological characterization of the female prostate (Skene's gland or paraurethral gland) of Lagostomus maximus maximus. Ann Anat 184: 341-345.
Flamini MA, Barbeito CG, Gimeno EJ, Portiansky EL (2009) Histology, histochemistry and morphometry of the ovary of the adult plains viscacha (Lagostomus maximus) in different reproductive stages. Acta Zool (Stockholm) 90: 390-400.
Flamini MA (2005) Estudio anatómico e histológico del aparato reproductor de la vizcacha de llanura hembra (Lagostomus maximus). Tesis doctoral. 180 páginas. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Universidad Nacional de La Plata.
Flamini MA, Díaz AO, Barbeito CG, Portiansky EL (2012) Morphology, morphometry, histochemistry and lectinhistochemistry of the vagina of the plains viscacha (Lagostomus maximus). Biotech Histochem 87: 81-94.
Gonçalves dos Reis AC (2009) Estudio colpocitológico e aspectos endocrinos de pacas (Agouti paca, L.1766) adultas. Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias – UNESP, Câmpus de Jaboticabal. Dissertação (mestrado) pp 1-75.
Guimarães DA, Garcia SC, Le Pendu Y, Albuquerque I (2011) Determinação do ciclo estral em catetos Pecaritajacu: aspectos colpocitológicos e clínicos. Acta Amaz 41: 583-588.
Hafez ESE (1970) Female reproductive organs. En: Reproduction and Breeding Techniques for Laboratory Animals, Hafez ESE (ed). Editorial Lea and Febiger. Philadelphia, pp. 74-106.
Kelly GL, Papanicolau GN (1925) The mechanism of the periodical opening and closing of the vaginal orifice in the guinea pig. Am J Anat 2: 387-411.
Lencioni J (1962) El colpocitograma. Editorial Médica Panamericana. Buenos Aires.
Llanos A, Crespo J (1952) Ecología de la vizcacha (Lagostomus maximus maximus Blainville) en el nordeste de la provincia de Entre Ríos. Revista de Investigaciones Agrícolas VI: 289-378.
Long JA, Evans HM (1922) The estrous cycle in the rat and its associated phenomena. Memories of University of California 6: 1-148.
Magalhanes H (1970) Hamster. En: Reproduction and Breeding Techniques for Laboratory Animals, Hafez ESE (ed) Editorial Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia, pp. 258-272.
Marcondes FK, Bianchi FJ, Tanno AP (2002) Determination of the estrous cycle phases of rats: some helpful considerations. Braz J Biol 62 (4A): 609-614.
Mayor P, López Bejar M, Jori F, Fenech M, López-Gatius (2003) Reproductive functional anatomy and oestrous cycle pattern of the female brush-tailed porcupine (Atherurus africanus, Gray 1842) from Gabon. Anim Reprod Sci 77: 247-259.
Montes GS, Alonso CR, Hutter JC, Montoro LS (1978) Determinación colpocitológica de la secreción estrogénica durante el proestro en la rata albina Wistar. Rev Med Vet (Bs. As.) 59: 113-117.
Montes GS, Luque EH (1988) Effects of ovarian steroids on vaginal smears in therat. Acta Anat 133: 192-199.
Phoenix C (1970) Guinea Pig. En: Reproduction and Breeding Techniques for Laboratory Animals, Hafez ESE (ed) Editorial Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia, pp. 244-257.
Rubestein BB (1937) The relation of cyclic changes in human vaginal smears to body temperatures and basal metabolic rates. Am J Physiol 119: 635-641.
Santos AC, Viana DC, Bertassoli BM, Oliveira GB, Oliveira DM, Bezerra FVF, Oliveira MF, Assis-Neto AC (2015). Characterization of the estrous cycle in Galea spixii (Wagler, 1831). Pesq Vet Bras 35: 89-94.
Selle RM (1922) Changes in the vaginal epithelium of the guinea pig during the oestrous cycle. Am J Anat 30: 429-449.
Silva LB, Alonso CR, Idiart JR (1997) Colpocitología exfoliativa en el coipo (Myocastor coypus). Rev Vet Argent XIV: 18-24.
Stenson GB (1988) Oestrus and de vaginal smear cycle of the river otter, Lutra canadensis. J Reprod Fertil 83:605-610.
Thrall MA, Olson PN (1999) The vagina. En: Diagnostic Cytology and Hematology of the Dog and Cat. 2th ed, Cowell RL, Tyler RD, Meinkoth JH (eds) Editorial Mosby, inc. St. Louis, pp. 240-248.
Vrčibč H, Horvat B, Danjanov I (1991). Lectin histochemistry of mouse vagina during the estrous. J Histochem Cytochem 39: 1685-1692.
Weir BJ (1971a) The plains viscacha as a laboratory animal. Proceedings of the Physiological Society. 2P-4P.
Weir BJ (1971b) The reproductive physiology of the plains viscacha, Lagostomus maximus. J Reprod Fertil 25: 355-363.
Weir BJ (1971c) The reproductive organs of the female plains viscacha, Lagostomus maximus. J Reprod Fertil 25: 365-373.
Weir BJ (1974) The tuco tuco and plains viscacha. Sym Zool Soc Lond 34: 113-130.
Weir BJ, Rowlands I (1974) The functional anatomy of the histricomorph ovary. Sym Zool Soc Lond 34: 303-332.
Westwood FR (2008) The Female Rat Reproductive Cycle: A Practical Histological Guide to Staging. Toxicol Pathol 36: 375-384.
Woods CHA (1998) Mammal species on the world: A taxonomic and geographic reference. 2th ed. Washington DC USA. Disponible en: http://nmnhgoph.si.edu/msw/about.html
Baker R, Lumsden JH (2000) Color Atlas of Cytology of the Dog and Cat. Ed. Mosby, inc. St. Louis.
Bekyürek T, Liman N, Bayram G (2001) Diagnosis of sexual cycle by means of vaginal smear method in the Chinchilla (Chinchilla lanígera). Lab Anim 36: 51-60.
Bennet JP, Vickery BH (1970) Rats and Mice. En: Reproduction and Breeding Techniques for Laboratory Animals, Hafez ESE (ed) Editorial Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia, pp. 299-315.
Buchanan DL, Kurita T, Taylor JA, Lubahan DB, Cunha GR, Cooke PS (1998) Role of stromal and epithelial estrogen receptors in vaginal epithelial proliferation, stratification and cornification. Endocrinology 139: 4345-4352.
Centola GM (1978) Surface features of exfoliated vaginal epithelial cells during the oestrous cycle of the rat examined by scanning electron microscopy. J Anat 127: 553-561.
Deanesly R (1966) Pro-oestrus in the guinea –pig: hormonal stimulation of the vaginal epithelium. J Reprod Fertil 12: 205-212.
Felipe AE, Bianchi CP (2009) Characterization of cellular types during the estrous cycle of the Myocastor coypus (COYPU). Scientifur 33: 49-53.
Felipe AE, Castro A, Callejas SS, Cabodevila JA (2000). Morphological study of the vagina of the Myocastor coypus (Coypo). Rev Chil Anat 18: 231-235.
Felipe AE, Cabodevila JA, Callejas SS (2001) Characterization of the estrous cycle of the Myocasor coypus (coypo) by means of exfoliative colpocitology. J Neotrop Mammal 8: 129-137.
Flamini MA, Barbeito CG, Gimeno, EJ, Portiansky EL (2002) Morphological characterization of the female prostate (Skene's gland or paraurethral gland) of Lagostomus maximus maximus. Ann Anat 184: 341-345.
Flamini MA, Barbeito CG, Gimeno EJ, Portiansky EL (2009) Histology, histochemistry and morphometry of the ovary of the adult plains viscacha (Lagostomus maximus) in different reproductive stages. Acta Zool (Stockholm) 90: 390-400.
Flamini MA (2005) Estudio anatómico e histológico del aparato reproductor de la vizcacha de llanura hembra (Lagostomus maximus). Tesis doctoral. 180 páginas. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Universidad Nacional de La Plata.
Flamini MA, Díaz AO, Barbeito CG, Portiansky EL (2012) Morphology, morphometry, histochemistry and lectinhistochemistry of the vagina of the plains viscacha (Lagostomus maximus). Biotech Histochem 87: 81-94.
Gonçalves dos Reis AC (2009) Estudio colpocitológico e aspectos endocrinos de pacas (Agouti paca, L.1766) adultas. Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias – UNESP, Câmpus de Jaboticabal. Dissertação (mestrado) pp 1-75.
Guimarães DA, Garcia SC, Le Pendu Y, Albuquerque I (2011) Determinação do ciclo estral em catetos Pecaritajacu: aspectos colpocitológicos e clínicos. Acta Amaz 41: 583-588.
Hafez ESE (1970) Female reproductive organs. En: Reproduction and Breeding Techniques for Laboratory Animals, Hafez ESE (ed). Editorial Lea and Febiger. Philadelphia, pp. 74-106.
Kelly GL, Papanicolau GN (1925) The mechanism of the periodical opening and closing of the vaginal orifice in the guinea pig. Am J Anat 2: 387-411.
Lencioni J (1962) El colpocitograma. Editorial Médica Panamericana. Buenos Aires.
Llanos A, Crespo J (1952) Ecología de la vizcacha (Lagostomus maximus maximus Blainville) en el nordeste de la provincia de Entre Ríos. Revista de Investigaciones Agrícolas VI: 289-378.
Long JA, Evans HM (1922) The estrous cycle in the rat and its associated phenomena. Memories of University of California 6: 1-148.
Magalhanes H (1970) Hamster. En: Reproduction and Breeding Techniques for Laboratory Animals, Hafez ESE (ed) Editorial Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia, pp. 258-272.
Marcondes FK, Bianchi FJ, Tanno AP (2002) Determination of the estrous cycle phases of rats: some helpful considerations. Braz J Biol 62 (4A): 609-614.
Mayor P, López Bejar M, Jori F, Fenech M, López-Gatius (2003) Reproductive functional anatomy and oestrous cycle pattern of the female brush-tailed porcupine (Atherurus africanus, Gray 1842) from Gabon. Anim Reprod Sci 77: 247-259.
Montes GS, Alonso CR, Hutter JC, Montoro LS (1978) Determinación colpocitológica de la secreción estrogénica durante el proestro en la rata albina Wistar. Rev Med Vet (Bs. As.) 59: 113-117.
Montes GS, Luque EH (1988) Effects of ovarian steroids on vaginal smears in therat. Acta Anat 133: 192-199.
Phoenix C (1970) Guinea Pig. En: Reproduction and Breeding Techniques for Laboratory Animals, Hafez ESE (ed) Editorial Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia, pp. 244-257.
Rubestein BB (1937) The relation of cyclic changes in human vaginal smears to body temperatures and basal metabolic rates. Am J Physiol 119: 635-641.
Santos AC, Viana DC, Bertassoli BM, Oliveira GB, Oliveira DM, Bezerra FVF, Oliveira MF, Assis-Neto AC (2015). Characterization of the estrous cycle in Galea spixii (Wagler, 1831). Pesq Vet Bras 35: 89-94.
Selle RM (1922) Changes in the vaginal epithelium of the guinea pig during the oestrous cycle. Am J Anat 30: 429-449.
Silva LB, Alonso CR, Idiart JR (1997) Colpocitología exfoliativa en el coipo (Myocastor coypus). Rev Vet Argent XIV: 18-24.
Stenson GB (1988) Oestrus and de vaginal smear cycle of the river otter, Lutra canadensis. J Reprod Fertil 83:605-610.
Thrall MA, Olson PN (1999) The vagina. En: Diagnostic Cytology and Hematology of the Dog and Cat. 2th ed, Cowell RL, Tyler RD, Meinkoth JH (eds) Editorial Mosby, inc. St. Louis, pp. 240-248.
Vrčibč H, Horvat B, Danjanov I (1991). Lectin histochemistry of mouse vagina during the estrous. J Histochem Cytochem 39: 1685-1692.
Weir BJ (1971a) The plains viscacha as a laboratory animal. Proceedings of the Physiological Society. 2P-4P.
Weir BJ (1971b) The reproductive physiology of the plains viscacha, Lagostomus maximus. J Reprod Fertil 25: 355-363.
Weir BJ (1971c) The reproductive organs of the female plains viscacha, Lagostomus maximus. J Reprod Fertil 25: 365-373.
Weir BJ (1974) The tuco tuco and plains viscacha. Sym Zool Soc Lond 34: 113-130.
Weir BJ, Rowlands I (1974) The functional anatomy of the histricomorph ovary. Sym Zool Soc Lond 34: 303-332.
Westwood FR (2008) The Female Rat Reproductive Cycle: A Practical Histological Guide to Staging. Toxicol Pathol 36: 375-384.
Woods CHA (1998) Mammal species on the world: A taxonomic and geographic reference. 2th ed. Washington DC USA. Disponible en: http://nmnhgoph.si.edu/msw/about.html
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Published
2016-06-29
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FLAMINI, M. A., BARBEITO, C. G., & PORTINASKY, E. L. (2016). Exfoliative cytology in pregnant and non-pregnant females of lagostomus maximus. Revista Ciencias Morfológicas, 18(1). Retrieved from https://revistas.unlp.edu.ar/Morfol/article/view/2657
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