Changes in endometrial cytology during the estrous cycle in dairy cows
Abstract
The cytobrush (CB) has proved to be the best technique for obtaining uterine cytology for the diagnosis of subclinical endometritis (SE) in postpartum dairy cows. The diagnosis is based on assessing the percentage of neutrophil cells (%PMNN) in an endometrial cytology smear according to days postpartum. Several authors have described a physiological increase of neutrophils (PMNN) in the endometrium, from late proestrus to metestrus. This increase could eventually alter the diagnosis of ES, resulting in false positive diagnoses. The aim of this study was to evaluate the variation of percentage of PMNN, mononuclear leukocytes cells and the size of endometrial cells in clinically healthy synchronized cows. For the experiment, Holstein dairy cows between 27-56 days postpartum (dpp) at the beginning of the sampling period were used. The cows were synchronized with an Ovsynch protocol and were sampled on days 0, 4, 11 and 18 of the estrous cycle (endometrial cytology for SE diagnosis and blood for progesterone measurement). Data obtained showed that %PMNN did not change throughout the estrous cycle (1.51± 0.50, P> 0.64). These results demonstrate that the %PMNN does not vary along the estrous cycle, and therefore diagnosis of ES by CB technique reflects the inflammatory changes occurred in the endometrium.
Key words: endometrial cytology, estrous cycle, subclinical endometritis, cytobrush, neutrophils.
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References
Barlund CS, Carruthers TD, Waldner CL, Palmer CW (2008) A comparison of diagnostic techniques for postpartum endometritis in dairy cattle. Theriogenology 69(6): 714-723.
Dellmann D, Brown E (1993) Sistema Reproductor Femenino. En: Histologia Veterinaria, Acribia, Zaragoza, España.
Dhaliwal GS, Murray RD, Woldehiwet Z (2001) Some aspects of immunology of the bovine uterus related to treatments for endometritis. Anim Reprod Sci 67(3-4): 135-152.
Dominguez G, Magnasco M, Magnasco R, Hernandez J, Risco C, de la Sota RL (2006) Effect of clinical endometritis on reproductive performance in Holstein cows in Argentina. Theriogenology 66: 679-680.
Dohoo I, Martin W, Stryhn H (2003) Veterinary epidemiology research, ed. AVC. Inc, University of Prince Edward Island, Canadá.
Forde N, Beltman ME, Lonergan P, Diskin M, Roche JF, Crowe M (2011) Oestrous cycles in Bos taurus cattle. Anim Reprod Sci 124(3-4): 163-169.
Galvão K, Frajblat M, Brittin S, Butler W, Guard C, Gilbert R (2009) Effect of prostaglandin F2α on subclinical endometritis and fertility in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 92: 4906-4913.
Galvão KN, Flaminio MJ, Brittin SB, Sper R, Fraga M, Caixeta L, Ricci A, Guard CL, Butler W, Gilbert R (2010) Association between uterine disease and indicators of neutrophil and systemic energy status in lactating Holstein cows. J Dairy Sci 93(7): 2926-2937.
Galvão K, Santosa N, Galvãoa J, Gilbert R (2011) Association between endometritis and endometrial cytokine expression in postpartum Holstein cows. Theriogenology 76: 290-299.
Gilbert RO, Shin ST, Guard CL, Erb HN, Frajblat M (2005) Prevalence of endometritis and its effects on reproductive performance of dairy cows. Theriogenology 64: 1879-1888.
Kojima Y, Selander U (1969). Cyclical changes in the fine structure of bovine endometrial gland cells. Cell and Tissue Research 104 (1): 69-86.
Kasimanickam R, Duffield TF, Foster RA, Gartley CJ, Leslie KE, Walton J, Johnson WH (2004) Endometrial cytology and ultrasonography for the detection of subclinical endometritis in postpartum dairy cows. Theriogenology 62(1-2): 9-23.
Kasimanickam R, Duffield TF, Foster RA, Gartley C J, Leslie KE, Walton JS, Johnson WH (2005) A comparison of the cytobrush and uterine lavage techniques to evaluate endometrial cytology in clinically normal postpartum dairy cows. Can Vet J 46(3): 255-259.
Hammon DS, Evjen IM, Dhiman TR, Goff JP, Walters JL (2006) Neutrophil function and energy status in Holstein cows with uterine health disorders. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 113(1-2): 21-29.
Hansel W (1959) The estrous cycle of the cow. En: Reproduction in domestic animals, Cole HH y Cupps PT (eds),Academic Press, New York, pp. 235-238.
Hansel W, Convey EM (1983) Physiology of the estrous cycle. J Anim Sci 57(2): 404-424.
Madoz LV, Ploentzke J, Dominguez GA, Jaureguiberry M, Suzuki K, Drillich M, Heuwieser W, De la Sota RL (2010) Effect of subclinical endometritis on reproductive performance in dairy cows in Argentina. XXVI World Buiatrics Congress. Santiago, Chile, noviembre 14-18. Santiago, comunicacion N°95.
Madoz LV, Giuliodori M J, Jaureguiberry M, Plontzke J, Drillich M, De la Sota RL (2013) The relationship between endometrial cytology during estrous cycle and cutoff points for the diagnosis of subclinical endometritis in grazing dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 96(7): 4333-4339.
McDougall S, Hussein H, Aberdein D, Buckle K, Roche J, Burke C, Mitchell M, Meier S (2011) Relationships between cytology, bacteriology and vaginal discharge scores and reproductive performance in dairy cattle. Theriogenology 76(2): 229-240.
Ohtani S, Okuda K, Nishimura K, Mohri S (1993) Histological changes in bovine endometrium during the estrous cycle. Theriogenology 39: 1033-1042.
Plontzke J, Madoz LV, De la Sota RL, Drillich M, Heuwieser W (2010) Subclinical endometritis and its impact on reproductive performance in grazing dairy cattle in Argentina. Anim Reprod Sci 122(1-2): 52-57.
Pursley JR, Wiltbank MC, Stevenson JS, Ottobre JS, Garverick HA, Anderson L (1997) Pregnancy rates per artificial insemination for cows and heifers inseminated at a synchronized ovulation or synchronized estrus. J Dairy Sci 80(2): 295-300.
SAS (2009) Inter-Rater Reliability/KAPPA using SAS PROC FREQ. (En línea) http://www.stattutorials.com/SAS/TUTORIALKAPPA.htm.
SAS, SAS/STAT(R) 9.2 (2011) The GENMOD Procedure. En: SAS User's Guide, Second Edition.
Sheldon IM, Lewis GS, LeBlanc S, Gilbert R (2006) Defining postpartum uterine disease in cattle. Theriogenology 65(8): 1516-1530.
Westermann S, Drillich M, Kaufmann TB, Madoz LV, Heuwieser W (2010) A clinical approach to determine false positive findings of clinical endometritis by vaginoscopy by the use of uterine bacteriology and cytology in dairy cows. Theriogenology 74(7): 1248-1255.
Wolfinger R, Chang M (1995) Comparing the SAS GLM and MIXED Procedures for Repeated Measurements Analysis. En: SUGI Proceedings.
Dellmann D, Brown E (1993) Sistema Reproductor Femenino. En: Histologia Veterinaria, Acribia, Zaragoza, España.
Dhaliwal GS, Murray RD, Woldehiwet Z (2001) Some aspects of immunology of the bovine uterus related to treatments for endometritis. Anim Reprod Sci 67(3-4): 135-152.
Dominguez G, Magnasco M, Magnasco R, Hernandez J, Risco C, de la Sota RL (2006) Effect of clinical endometritis on reproductive performance in Holstein cows in Argentina. Theriogenology 66: 679-680.
Dohoo I, Martin W, Stryhn H (2003) Veterinary epidemiology research, ed. AVC. Inc, University of Prince Edward Island, Canadá.
Forde N, Beltman ME, Lonergan P, Diskin M, Roche JF, Crowe M (2011) Oestrous cycles in Bos taurus cattle. Anim Reprod Sci 124(3-4): 163-169.
Galvão K, Frajblat M, Brittin S, Butler W, Guard C, Gilbert R (2009) Effect of prostaglandin F2α on subclinical endometritis and fertility in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 92: 4906-4913.
Galvão KN, Flaminio MJ, Brittin SB, Sper R, Fraga M, Caixeta L, Ricci A, Guard CL, Butler W, Gilbert R (2010) Association between uterine disease and indicators of neutrophil and systemic energy status in lactating Holstein cows. J Dairy Sci 93(7): 2926-2937.
Galvão K, Santosa N, Galvãoa J, Gilbert R (2011) Association between endometritis and endometrial cytokine expression in postpartum Holstein cows. Theriogenology 76: 290-299.
Gilbert RO, Shin ST, Guard CL, Erb HN, Frajblat M (2005) Prevalence of endometritis and its effects on reproductive performance of dairy cows. Theriogenology 64: 1879-1888.
Kojima Y, Selander U (1969). Cyclical changes in the fine structure of bovine endometrial gland cells. Cell and Tissue Research 104 (1): 69-86.
Kasimanickam R, Duffield TF, Foster RA, Gartley CJ, Leslie KE, Walton J, Johnson WH (2004) Endometrial cytology and ultrasonography for the detection of subclinical endometritis in postpartum dairy cows. Theriogenology 62(1-2): 9-23.
Kasimanickam R, Duffield TF, Foster RA, Gartley C J, Leslie KE, Walton JS, Johnson WH (2005) A comparison of the cytobrush and uterine lavage techniques to evaluate endometrial cytology in clinically normal postpartum dairy cows. Can Vet J 46(3): 255-259.
Hammon DS, Evjen IM, Dhiman TR, Goff JP, Walters JL (2006) Neutrophil function and energy status in Holstein cows with uterine health disorders. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 113(1-2): 21-29.
Hansel W (1959) The estrous cycle of the cow. En: Reproduction in domestic animals, Cole HH y Cupps PT (eds),Academic Press, New York, pp. 235-238.
Hansel W, Convey EM (1983) Physiology of the estrous cycle. J Anim Sci 57(2): 404-424.
Madoz LV, Ploentzke J, Dominguez GA, Jaureguiberry M, Suzuki K, Drillich M, Heuwieser W, De la Sota RL (2010) Effect of subclinical endometritis on reproductive performance in dairy cows in Argentina. XXVI World Buiatrics Congress. Santiago, Chile, noviembre 14-18. Santiago, comunicacion N°95.
Madoz LV, Giuliodori M J, Jaureguiberry M, Plontzke J, Drillich M, De la Sota RL (2013) The relationship between endometrial cytology during estrous cycle and cutoff points for the diagnosis of subclinical endometritis in grazing dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 96(7): 4333-4339.
McDougall S, Hussein H, Aberdein D, Buckle K, Roche J, Burke C, Mitchell M, Meier S (2011) Relationships between cytology, bacteriology and vaginal discharge scores and reproductive performance in dairy cattle. Theriogenology 76(2): 229-240.
Ohtani S, Okuda K, Nishimura K, Mohri S (1993) Histological changes in bovine endometrium during the estrous cycle. Theriogenology 39: 1033-1042.
Plontzke J, Madoz LV, De la Sota RL, Drillich M, Heuwieser W (2010) Subclinical endometritis and its impact on reproductive performance in grazing dairy cattle in Argentina. Anim Reprod Sci 122(1-2): 52-57.
Pursley JR, Wiltbank MC, Stevenson JS, Ottobre JS, Garverick HA, Anderson L (1997) Pregnancy rates per artificial insemination for cows and heifers inseminated at a synchronized ovulation or synchronized estrus. J Dairy Sci 80(2): 295-300.
SAS (2009) Inter-Rater Reliability/KAPPA using SAS PROC FREQ. (En línea) http://www.stattutorials.com/SAS/TUTORIALKAPPA.htm.
SAS, SAS/STAT(R) 9.2 (2011) The GENMOD Procedure. En: SAS User's Guide, Second Edition.
Sheldon IM, Lewis GS, LeBlanc S, Gilbert R (2006) Defining postpartum uterine disease in cattle. Theriogenology 65(8): 1516-1530.
Westermann S, Drillich M, Kaufmann TB, Madoz LV, Heuwieser W (2010) A clinical approach to determine false positive findings of clinical endometritis by vaginoscopy by the use of uterine bacteriology and cytology in dairy cows. Theriogenology 74(7): 1248-1255.
Wolfinger R, Chang M (1995) Comparing the SAS GLM and MIXED Procedures for Repeated Measurements Analysis. En: SUGI Proceedings.
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Published
2016-06-29
How to Cite
MADOZ, L. V., JAUREGUIBERRY, M., MIGLIORISI, A. L., & DE LA SOTA, R. L. (2016). Changes in endometrial cytology during the estrous cycle in dairy cows. Revista Ciencias Morfológicas, 18(1). Retrieved from https://revistas.unlp.edu.ar/Morfol/article/view/2660
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