Prediction equations of the canine size from dimensions of premolars and molars: application in the estimation of sex on skeletal remains
Keywords:
Prediction, canine size, regression equations, sex estimation, skeletal remainsAbstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the size of the permanent canine from measurements of the posterior teeth (premolars and molars), and to use the predicted values of the canine size to estimate the biological sex of skeletal remains. The analysis was performed on 126 individuals from the ancient city of Herculaneum (Naples, Italy), victims of the eruption of the nearby volcano Vesuvius on 24/25 August, 79 EC. Mesiodistal and buccolingual crown and cervical diameters were measured, and Pearson’s linear regression analysis was performed to create regression equations to predict the canine size based on dental measurements of posterior teeth. Fourteen regressions equations were obtained. The results show high correlation and determination coefficients (r = 0,709–0,889; r2 = 0,502–0,791; respectively), depending on the diameters of the teeth used. These regression equations were subsequently applied to a validation sample to estimate the biological sex of the individuals using the predicted values of the canine size based on the application of discriminant function formulae that are specific of the Herculaneum’s population. The results show that the predicted values of the canine size provide high percentages of correct assignment of sex when fragmentary skeletal remains are encountered in archaeological samples and the canine is not available for measurement.
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References
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Buckberry JL, Chamberlain AT (2002) Age estimation from the auricular surface of the ilium: a revised method. Am J Phys Anthropol 119:231-239.
Buwembo W, Kutesa A, Muwazi L, Rwenyonyi CM (2012) Prediction of width of un-erupted incisors, canines and premolars in a Ugandan population: a cross sectional study. BMC Oral Health 12:23.
Capasso L (2001) I Fuggiaschi di Ercolano: paleobiologia delle vittime dell'eruzione vesuviana del 79 d.C. L'Erma di Bretschneider, Roma.
Cattaneo C, Butti AC, Bernini S, Biagi R, Salvato A (2010) Comparative evaluation of the group of teeth with the best prediction value in the mixed dentition analysis. Eur J Paediatr Dent 11:23-26.
Da Costa YTF, Lima LNC, Rabello PM (2012) Analysis of canine dimorphism in the estimation of sex. Braz J Oral Sci 11:406-410.
Ferembach D, Schwidetzky I, Stloukal M (1980) Recommendations for age and sex diagnoses of skeletons. J Hum Evol 9:517-549.
Fernandes TMF, Janson G, Pinzan A, Sathler R, de Freitas LMA, de Freitas MR (2010) Applicability of Bolton tooth-size ratios in racial groups. World J Orthod 11:e57-e62.
Filipović G, Radojičić J, Stošić M, Janošević P, Ajduković (2013) Odontometric analysis of permanent canines in gender determination. Arch Biol Sci 65:1279-1283.
Fleiss JL (1986) The design and analysis of clinical experiments. Wiley, New York.
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Hassett B (2011) Technical note: estimating sex using cervical canine odontometrics: a test using a known sex sample. Am J Phys Anthropol 146:486-489.
Hillson S, Fitzgerald C, Flinn H (2005) Alternative dental measurements: proposals and relationships with other measurements. Am J Phys Anthropol 126:413-426.
Khamis MF, Taylor JA, Malik SN, Townsend GC (2014) Odontometric sex variation in Malaysians with application to sex prediction. Forensic Sci Int 234:183.e1-183.e7.
Khanna R, Pandey RK, Tripathi S (2015) Effect of intermaxillary tooth-size discrepancy on accuracy of prediction equations for mixed dentition space analysis. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 16:211-217.
Krogman W, Işcan MY (1986) The human skeleton in forensic medicine. Charles C Thomas, Springfield.
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Nadendla LK, Paramkusam G, Pokala A, Devulapalli RV (2016) Identification of gender using radiomorphometric measurements of canine by discriminant function analysis. Indian J Dent Res 27:27-31.
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Scheuer L (2002) A blind test of mandibular morphology for sexing mandibles in the rst few years of life. Am J Phys Anthropol 119:189-191.
Scheuer L, Black S (2004) The juvenile skeleton. Elsevier Academic Press, London.
Schutkowski H (1993) Sex determination of infant and juvenile skeletons. I. Morphognostic features. Am J Phys Anthropol 90:199-205.
Scott GR (2008) Dental morphology. En: Biological anthropology of the human skeleton, Katzenberg MA y Saunders SR (eds) Wiley-Liss, New Jersey, pp. 265-298.
Sonika V, Harshaminder K, Madhushankari GS, A Sri Kennath JA (2011) Sexual dimorphism in the permanent maxillary first molar: a study of the Haryana population (India). J Forensic Odontostomatol 29:37-43.
Sutter RC (2003) Nonmetric subadult skeletal sexing traits. I. A blind test of the accuracy of eight previously proposed methods using prehistoric known-sex mummies from northern Chile. J Forensic Sci 48:927-935.
Thompson AR (2013) Odontometric determination of sex at Mound 72 Cahokia. Am J Phys Anthropol 151:408-419.
Todd TW (1920) Age changes in the pubic bones, I: the white male pubis. Am J Phys Anthropol 3:285-334.
Todd TW (1921) Age changes in the pubic bone. Am J Phys Anthropol 4:1-70.
Ubelaker D (1989) Human skeletal remains: excavation, analysis, interpretation. Aldine Manuals on Archaeology. Taraxacum, Washington, DC.
Vallois HV (1960) Vital statistics in prehistoric populations as determined from archaeological data. En: The application of quantitative methods in archaeology, vol. 28, Heizer RF y Cook SF (eds) Viking Fund Publications in Anthropology, Chicago, pp. 186-222.
Viciano J, Alemán I, D'Anastasio R, Capasso L, Botella MC (2011) Odontometric sex discrimination in the Herculaneum sample (79 AD, Naples, Italy), with application to juveniles. Am J Phys Anthropol 145:97-106.
Viciano J, López-Lázaro S, Alemán I (2013) Sex estimation based on deciduous and permanent dentition in a contemporary Spanish population. Am J Phys Anthropol 152:31-43.
Viciano J, D'Anastasio R, Capasso L (2015) Odontometric sex estimation on three populations of the Iron Age from Abruzzo region (centralsouthern Italy). Arch Oral Biol 60:100-115.
Vlak D, Roksandic M, Schillaci MA (2008) Greater sciatic notch as a sex indicator in juveniles. Am J Phys Anthropol 137:309–-315.
Vodanović M, Demo Z, Njemirovskij V, Keros J, Brkić H (2007) Odontometrics: a useful method for sex determination in an archaeological skeletal population? J Archaeol Sci 34:905-913.
Yuwanati M, Karia A, Yuwanati M (2012) Canine tooth dimorphism: an adjunct for establishing sex identity. J Forensic Dent Sci 4:80-83.
Zorba E, Moraitis K, Manolis S (2011) Sexual dimorphism in permanent teeth of modern Greeks. Forensic Sci Int 210:74-81.
Zorba E, Moraitis K, Eliopoulos C, Spiliopoulou C (2012) Sex determination in modern Greeks using diagonal measurements of molar teeth. Forensic Sci Int 217:19-26.
Zorba E, Vanna V, Moraitis K (2014) Sexual dimorphism of root length on a Greek population sample. Homo 65:143-154.
Buckberry JL, Chamberlain AT (2002) Age estimation from the auricular surface of the ilium: a revised method. Am J Phys Anthropol 119:231-239.
Buwembo W, Kutesa A, Muwazi L, Rwenyonyi CM (2012) Prediction of width of un-erupted incisors, canines and premolars in a Ugandan population: a cross sectional study. BMC Oral Health 12:23.
Capasso L (2001) I Fuggiaschi di Ercolano: paleobiologia delle vittime dell'eruzione vesuviana del 79 d.C. L'Erma di Bretschneider, Roma.
Cattaneo C, Butti AC, Bernini S, Biagi R, Salvato A (2010) Comparative evaluation of the group of teeth with the best prediction value in the mixed dentition analysis. Eur J Paediatr Dent 11:23-26.
Da Costa YTF, Lima LNC, Rabello PM (2012) Analysis of canine dimorphism in the estimation of sex. Braz J Oral Sci 11:406-410.
Ferembach D, Schwidetzky I, Stloukal M (1980) Recommendations for age and sex diagnoses of skeletons. J Hum Evol 9:517-549.
Fernandes TMF, Janson G, Pinzan A, Sathler R, de Freitas LMA, de Freitas MR (2010) Applicability of Bolton tooth-size ratios in racial groups. World J Orthod 11:e57-e62.
Filipović G, Radojičić J, Stošić M, Janošević P, Ajduković (2013) Odontometric analysis of permanent canines in gender determination. Arch Biol Sci 65:1279-1283.
Fleiss JL (1986) The design and analysis of clinical experiments. Wiley, New York.
Franklin D, Oxnard CE, O'Higgins P, Dadour I (2007) Sexual dimorphism in the subadult mandible: quantication using geometric morphometrics. J Forensic Sci 52:6-10.
Hassett B (2011) Technical note: estimating sex using cervical canine odontometrics: a test using a known sex sample. Am J Phys Anthropol 146:486-489.
Hillson S, Fitzgerald C, Flinn H (2005) Alternative dental measurements: proposals and relationships with other measurements. Am J Phys Anthropol 126:413-426.
Khamis MF, Taylor JA, Malik SN, Townsend GC (2014) Odontometric sex variation in Malaysians with application to sex prediction. Forensic Sci Int 234:183.e1-183.e7.
Khanna R, Pandey RK, Tripathi S (2015) Effect of intermaxillary tooth-size discrepancy on accuracy of prediction equations for mixed dentition space analysis. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 16:211-217.
Krogman W, Işcan MY (1986) The human skeleton in forensic medicine. Charles C Thomas, Springfield.
Legović M, Novosel A, Škrinjarić T, Legović A, Mady B, Ivančić N (2006) A comparison of methods for predicting the size of unerupted permanent canines and premolars. Eur J Orthod 28:485-490.
Mokhtari S, Sanati I, Shafizadeh N, Seraj B, Khosravanifard B (2014) Predicting the size of unerupted canines and premolars using primary maxillary first molar. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 15:401-405.
Moorrees CFA, Reed (1964) Correlations among crown diameters of human teeth. Arch Oral Biol 9:685-697.
Nadendla LK, Paramkusam G, Pokala A, Devulapalli RV (2016) Identification of gender using radiomorphometric measurements of canine by discriminant function analysis. Indian J Dent Res 27:27-31.
Nourallah AW, Gesch D, Khordaji MN, Splieth C (2002) New regression equations for predicting the size of unerupted canines and premolars in a contemporary population. Angle Orthod 72:216-221.
Paredes V, Williams FD, Cibrian R, Williams FE, Meneses A, Gandia JL (2011) Mesiodistal sizes and intermaxillary tooth-size ratios of two populations: Spanish and Peruvian. A comparative study. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 16:e593-e599.
Paredes V, Tarazona B, Zamora N, Cibrian R, Gandia JL (2015) New regression equations for predicting human teeth sizes. Head Face Med 11:8. Doi: 10.1186/s13005-015-0067-8.
Parekh DH, Patel SV, Zalawadia AZ, Patel SM (2012) Odontometric study of maxillary canine teeth to establish sexual dimorphism in Gujarat population. In t J Biol Med Res 3:1935-1937.
Pereira C, Bernardo M, Pestana D, Santos JC, de Mendonça MC (2010) Contribution of teeth in human forensic identification – discriminant function sexing odontometrical techniques in Portuguese population. J Forensic Leg Med 17:105-110.
Rajarathnam BN, David MP, Indira AP (2016) Mandibular canine dimensions as an aid in gender estimation. J Forensic Dent Sci 8:83-89.
Scheuer L (2002) A blind test of mandibular morphology for sexing mandibles in the rst few years of life. Am J Phys Anthropol 119:189-191.
Scheuer L, Black S (2004) The juvenile skeleton. Elsevier Academic Press, London.
Schutkowski H (1993) Sex determination of infant and juvenile skeletons. I. Morphognostic features. Am J Phys Anthropol 90:199-205.
Scott GR (2008) Dental morphology. En: Biological anthropology of the human skeleton, Katzenberg MA y Saunders SR (eds) Wiley-Liss, New Jersey, pp. 265-298.
Sonika V, Harshaminder K, Madhushankari GS, A Sri Kennath JA (2011) Sexual dimorphism in the permanent maxillary first molar: a study of the Haryana population (India). J Forensic Odontostomatol 29:37-43.
Sutter RC (2003) Nonmetric subadult skeletal sexing traits. I. A blind test of the accuracy of eight previously proposed methods using prehistoric known-sex mummies from northern Chile. J Forensic Sci 48:927-935.
Thompson AR (2013) Odontometric determination of sex at Mound 72 Cahokia. Am J Phys Anthropol 151:408-419.
Todd TW (1920) Age changes in the pubic bones, I: the white male pubis. Am J Phys Anthropol 3:285-334.
Todd TW (1921) Age changes in the pubic bone. Am J Phys Anthropol 4:1-70.
Ubelaker D (1989) Human skeletal remains: excavation, analysis, interpretation. Aldine Manuals on Archaeology. Taraxacum, Washington, DC.
Vallois HV (1960) Vital statistics in prehistoric populations as determined from archaeological data. En: The application of quantitative methods in archaeology, vol. 28, Heizer RF y Cook SF (eds) Viking Fund Publications in Anthropology, Chicago, pp. 186-222.
Viciano J, Alemán I, D'Anastasio R, Capasso L, Botella MC (2011) Odontometric sex discrimination in the Herculaneum sample (79 AD, Naples, Italy), with application to juveniles. Am J Phys Anthropol 145:97-106.
Viciano J, López-Lázaro S, Alemán I (2013) Sex estimation based on deciduous and permanent dentition in a contemporary Spanish population. Am J Phys Anthropol 152:31-43.
Viciano J, D'Anastasio R, Capasso L (2015) Odontometric sex estimation on three populations of the Iron Age from Abruzzo region (centralsouthern Italy). Arch Oral Biol 60:100-115.
Vlak D, Roksandic M, Schillaci MA (2008) Greater sciatic notch as a sex indicator in juveniles. Am J Phys Anthropol 137:309–-315.
Vodanović M, Demo Z, Njemirovskij V, Keros J, Brkić H (2007) Odontometrics: a useful method for sex determination in an archaeological skeletal population? J Archaeol Sci 34:905-913.
Yuwanati M, Karia A, Yuwanati M (2012) Canine tooth dimorphism: an adjunct for establishing sex identity. J Forensic Dent Sci 4:80-83.
Zorba E, Moraitis K, Manolis S (2011) Sexual dimorphism in permanent teeth of modern Greeks. Forensic Sci Int 210:74-81.
Zorba E, Moraitis K, Eliopoulos C, Spiliopoulou C (2012) Sex determination in modern Greeks using diagonal measurements of molar teeth. Forensic Sci Int 217:19-26.
Zorba E, Vanna V, Moraitis K (2014) Sexual dimorphism of root length on a Greek population sample. Homo 65:143-154.
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Published
2017-08-03
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VICIANO, J., & TANGA, C. (2017). Prediction equations of the canine size from dimensions of premolars and molars: application in the estimation of sex on skeletal remains. Revista Ciencias Morfológicas, 19(1), 9–20. Retrieved from https://revistas.unlp.edu.ar/Morfol/article/view/3745
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