Comparative analysis of the skull morphometrics of antarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus gazella) from South Orkney and South Shetland Islands
Keywords:
Arctocephalus gazella, skull morphometrics, geographical variationAbstract
Skull morphometrics of two populations of Antarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus gazella) located at different islands of the Scotia Arc were compared in order to detect possible geographical variation. This could provide evidence on migration and gene flow between them. In addition, if variation was shown to occur, this could be useful in identifying the source of vagrant seals of this species of unknown origin. Twenty two metric variables were measured from adult male skulls from South Orkney Islands (n=43) and South Shetland Islands (n=35). Comparative univariate and multivariate statistical analyses included standard statistics, one-way analysis of variance, principal component analysis and discriminant analysis. No significant separation between the two island groups, based on cranial characteristics, was found. This would indicate that gene flow is still occurring between them. Therefore, skull morphometrics cannot be used to determine the origin of vagrant fur seals.
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References
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Boyd IL, McCafferty DJ, Reid K, Taylor R, Walker TR (1998) Dispersal of male and female Antarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus gazella). Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 55: 845-852.
Brunner S (1998) Cranial morphometrics of the southern fur seals Arctocephalus forsteri and A. pusillus (Carnivora: Otariidae). Australian Journal of Zoology 46: 67-108.
Brunner S (2000) Cranial morphometrics of fur seals and sea lions (family: Otariidae) systematics, geographic variation and growth. New South Wales, Australia: University of Sydney.
Brunner S, Shaughnessy PD, Bryden MM (2002) Geographic variation in skull characters of fur seals and sea lions (family Otariidae). Australian Journal of Zoology 50: 415-438.
Brunner S (2002) Geographic variation in skull morphology of adult Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus). Marine Mammal Science 18: 206-222.
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Daneri GA, García Esponda CM, De Santis LJM, Pla L (2005) Skull morphometric of adult male Antartic fur seal, Arctocephalus gazella and South American fur seal A. australis. Iheringia, Ser Zool 95: 261-267.
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Guinet C, Dubroca L, Lea MA, Goldsworthy S, Cherel Y, et al. (2001) Spatial distribution of foraging in female Antarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus gazella) in relation to oceanographic variables a scale-dependent approach using geographic information systems. Marine Ecology Progress Series 219: 251-264.
Hucke-Gaete R, Osman LP, Moreno CA, Torres D (2004) Examining natural population growth from near extinction: the case of the Antarctic fur seal at the South Shetlands, Antarctica. Polar Biology 27: 304-311.
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Maldonado JE, Davila FO, Stewart BS, Geffen E, Wayne RK (1995) Intraespecific genetic differentiation in California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) from Southern California and the Gulf of California. Marine Mammal Science 11: 46-58.
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Oliveira LR, Hoffman JI, Hingst-Zaher E, Majluf P, Muelbert MMC, et al. (2008) Morphological and genetic evidence for two evolutionarily significant units (ESUs) in the South American fur seal, Arctocephalus australis. Conservation Genetics 9: 1451-1466.
Perrin WF (1975) Distribution and differentiation of populations of dolphins of the genus Stenella in the eastern tropical Pacific. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 32: 1059-1067.
Rice DW (1998) Marine Mammals of the World. Special Publication No4: Society for Marine Mammalogy.
Sivertsen E (1954) A survey of the eared seals (family Otariidae) with remarks on the Antarctic seals collected by M/K Norvegia in 1928- 1929. Scientific Results of the Norwegian Antartic Expedition 36: 1-76.
Reig S, Ruprecht AL Skull variability of Martes martes and Martes foina from Poland. Acta Theriologica 34: 595-624.
Shin Y, Raudenbush SW (2007) Just-identified versus overidentified two-level Hierarchical Linear Models with Missing Data. Biometrics 63: 1262-1268.
Staniland IJ, Robinson SL, Silk JRD, Warren N, Trathan PN (2012) Winter distribution and haul-out behaviour of female Antarctic fur seals from South Georgia. Marine Biology 159: 291-301.
Waluda CM, Gregory S, Dunn MJ (2010) Long-term variability in the abundance of Antarctic fur seals Arctocephalus gazella at Signy Island, South Orkneys. Polar Biology 33: 305-312.
Westgate AJ (2007) Geographic Variation in Cranial Morphology of Short-Beaked Common Dolphins (Delphinus delphis) from the North Atlantic. Journal of Mammalogy 88: 678-688.
Wiig O, Lie RW (1984) An analysis of the morphological relationships between the Hooded seals (Cystophora cristata) of Newfoundland, the Denmark Strait, and Jan Mayen. Journal of Zoology 203: 227-240.
Wiig Ø, Heide-Jørgensen MP, Laidre KL, Garde E, Reeves RR (2012) Geographic variation in cranial morphology of narwhals (Monodon monoceros) from Greenland and the eastern Canadian Arctic. Polar Biology 35: 63-71.
Bengtson JL, Ferm LM, Härkönen TJ, Stewart BS. Abundance of Antarctic Fur Seals in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica, During the 1986/87 Austral Summer. Antarctic Ecosystems; 1990; Berlin, Heidelberg. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. pp. 265-270.
Bickham JW, Loughlin TR, Calkins DG, Wickliffe JK, Patton JC (1998) Genetic Variability and Population Decline in Steller Sea Lions from the Gulf of Alaska. Journal of Mammalogy 79: 1390-1395.
Bonner WN (1968) The fur seal of South Georgia. Scientific Reports of the British Antarctic Survey No. 56.
Boyd, I. 1993: Pup production and distribution of breeding Antarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus gazella) at South Georgia. Antarct Sci 5, 17–24
Boyd IL, McCafferty DJ, Reid K, Taylor R, Walker TR (1998) Dispersal of male and female Antarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus gazella). Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 55: 845-852.
Brunner S (1998) Cranial morphometrics of the southern fur seals Arctocephalus forsteri and A. pusillus (Carnivora: Otariidae). Australian Journal of Zoology 46: 67-108.
Brunner S (2000) Cranial morphometrics of fur seals and sea lions (family: Otariidae) systematics, geographic variation and growth. New South Wales, Australia: University of Sydney.
Brunner S, Shaughnessy PD, Bryden MM (2002) Geographic variation in skull characters of fur seals and sea lions (family Otariidae). Australian Journal of Zoology 50: 415-438.
Brunner S (2002) Geographic variation in skull morphology of adult Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus). Marine Mammal Science 18: 206-222.
Carlini AR, Daneri GA, Casaux R, Márquez MEI (2006) Haul-out pattern of itinerant male Antarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus gazella) at Laurie Island, South Orkney Islands. Polar Research 25: 139-144.
Daneri GA, García Esponda CM, De Santis LJM, Pla L (2005) Skull morphometric of adult male Antartic fur seal, Arctocephalus gazella and South American fur seal A. australis. Iheringia, Ser Zool 95: 261-267.
Daneri GA, Carlini AR, Harrington A, Balboni L, Hernandez CM (2008) Interannual variation in the diet of non-breeding male Antarctic fur seals, Arctocephalus gazella, at Isla 25 de Mayo/King George Island. Polar Biology 31: 1365.
Guinet C, Dubroca L, Lea MA, Goldsworthy S, Cherel Y, et al. (2001) Spatial distribution of foraging in female Antarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus gazella) in relation to oceanographic variables a scale-dependent approach using geographic information systems. Marine Ecology Progress Series 219: 251-264.
Hucke-Gaete R, Osman LP, Moreno CA, Torres D (2004) Examining natural population growth from near extinction: the case of the Antarctic fur seal at the South Shetlands, Antarctica. Polar Biology 27: 304-311.
Kerley G, Robinson T (1987) Skull morphometrics of male Antarctic and Subantarctic fur seals, Arctocephalus gazella and A. tropicalis, and their interspecific hybrids. En: Croxall JP GR (ed). Status, Biology and Ecology of Fur Seals. NOAA Technical Report NMFS pp. 121-131.
Kerley GIH, Allen BR, Bester MN (2000) Skull morphometrics of male Subantarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus tropicalis) from Marion and Gough Islands. African Zoology 35: 165-171.
King CM, Moody JE (1982) The biology of the stoat (Mustela erminea) in the National Parks of New Zealand III. Morphometric variation in relation to growth, geographical distribution, and colonisation. New Zealand Journal of Zoology 9: 81-102.
Lento GM, Haddon M, Chambers GK, Baker CS (1997) Genetic variation of southern hemisphere fur seals (Arctocephalus spp.): investigation of population structure and species identity. Journal of Heredity 88: 202-208.
Maldonado JE, Davila FO, Stewart BS, Geffen E, Wayne RK (1995) Intraespecific genetic differentiation in California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) from Southern California and the Gulf of California. Marine Mammal Science 11: 46-58.
Oliveira LR, Malabarba LR, Majluf P (1999) Variaçao geográfica em cranios do lobo-marinho sul-americano Arctocephalus australis (Zimmermann, 1783) das populaçoes do Brasil e Peru. Comunicaçoes do Museu de Ciencias e Tecnologia da PUCRS 12: 179-192.
Oliveira LR, Hoffman JI, Hingst-Zaher E, Majluf P, Muelbert MMC, et al. (2008) Morphological and genetic evidence for two evolutionarily significant units (ESUs) in the South American fur seal, Arctocephalus australis. Conservation Genetics 9: 1451-1466.
Perrin WF (1975) Distribution and differentiation of populations of dolphins of the genus Stenella in the eastern tropical Pacific. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 32: 1059-1067.
Rice DW (1998) Marine Mammals of the World. Special Publication No4: Society for Marine Mammalogy.
Sivertsen E (1954) A survey of the eared seals (family Otariidae) with remarks on the Antarctic seals collected by M/K Norvegia in 1928- 1929. Scientific Results of the Norwegian Antartic Expedition 36: 1-76.
Reig S, Ruprecht AL Skull variability of Martes martes and Martes foina from Poland. Acta Theriologica 34: 595-624.
Shin Y, Raudenbush SW (2007) Just-identified versus overidentified two-level Hierarchical Linear Models with Missing Data. Biometrics 63: 1262-1268.
Staniland IJ, Robinson SL, Silk JRD, Warren N, Trathan PN (2012) Winter distribution and haul-out behaviour of female Antarctic fur seals from South Georgia. Marine Biology 159: 291-301.
Waluda CM, Gregory S, Dunn MJ (2010) Long-term variability in the abundance of Antarctic fur seals Arctocephalus gazella at Signy Island, South Orkneys. Polar Biology 33: 305-312.
Westgate AJ (2007) Geographic Variation in Cranial Morphology of Short-Beaked Common Dolphins (Delphinus delphis) from the North Atlantic. Journal of Mammalogy 88: 678-688.
Wiig O, Lie RW (1984) An analysis of the morphological relationships between the Hooded seals (Cystophora cristata) of Newfoundland, the Denmark Strait, and Jan Mayen. Journal of Zoology 203: 227-240.
Wiig Ø, Heide-Jørgensen MP, Laidre KL, Garde E, Reeves RR (2012) Geographic variation in cranial morphology of narwhals (Monodon monoceros) from Greenland and the eastern Canadian Arctic. Polar Biology 35: 63-71.
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Published
2019-01-16
How to Cite
DANERI, G. A., VARELA, E. A., DI MARTINO, C. C., PLA, L., DE SANTIS, L., NEGRETE, J., & HARRINGTON, A. (2019). Comparative analysis of the skull morphometrics of antarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus gazella) from South Orkney and South Shetland Islands. Revista Ciencias Morfológicas, 20(1), 1–7. Retrieved from https://revistas.unlp.edu.ar/Morfol/article/view/5569
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