Sex differences in metric variables of fetal ilium
Abstract
This paper analyzes the ilium through linear measurements, angles and indices in order to evaluate the presence of dimorphic differences in the earliest stages of life. The sample consists of 62 known sex individuals (29 ? and 33 ?) within the age range of 25-45 weeks after conception from the Lambre collection. The sample was analyzed in two age groups each comprising 10 weeks of development. There were significant correlations with age in almost all variables. We performed the t test for independent samples by sex and found significant differences for the index distance/depth. For the age group between 35 and 45 weeks of gestation significant differences were found in length of ilium, depth and angle of the greater sciatic notch, the index of the sciatic notch and the index distance/depth. On the basis of the findings is considered that dimorphic differences in early stages can only be analyzed in bounded time periods since the changes occurring with growth are heterogeneous.New explorations in other populations and other age ranges could get a guide for estimating adjusted sex in developing individuals.
Keywords: sexual dimorphism, sciatic notch, subadults.
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References
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Cardoso HF, Saunders S. (2008). Two arch criteria of the ilium for sex determination of immature skelet.al remains: a test of thier accuracy and anassessment of intra-and inter-observer error.Forensic ScienceInternational; 178:24-29.
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Ferembach D, Schwidetzky L Stloukal M. (1977/79). Raccomandazioni perla determinaz:ione dell'eta e del sesso sullo scheletro. Rivista di Antropologia Pubblicazione dell' Instituto Italiano diAntropología VolLXRoma; 60:5-51.
Garn SM, Burdi AR, Babler WJ. (19'74). Male advancement in prenatal hand development. American Joumal of Physícal Anthropology; 41: 353-360.
González PN. (2008). Morfometna geométrica aplicada al análisis del dimorfismo sexual en restos óseos humanos de individuos adultosysubadultos [TesisDoctoral]. La Plata: Universidad Nacional deLa Plata. pp. 199.
Guimarey LM. (2004). Crecimiento y desarrollo físico. En: Tratado de Ped.iatna (3ra edición). Morano J (ed). Editorial Atlante, Buenos Aires, pp.121-138.
Holcomb SM, Konigsberg L. (1995). Statistical study of sexual dimorphism in the human fetal sciatic notch. American /ournal of Physical Anthropology; 97: 113-125.
Leakey R. (2000). El origen delahumanidad. Debate, Madrid.
May RL. (2000). Fetal age:methods of estimation and effects of pathology. American ]oumal of PhysicalAnthropology; 113:305-315.
Moore KL,Persaud TVN.(2004). Embriología Oíni.ca (7ma edición). Elsevier, Madrid.
Moss ML, Moss-Sa.lentijn L. (1977). Analysis of developmental processes possibly related to human dental sexual dimorphism in permanent and deciduous canines.Ammcan Joumal of Physica1Anthropology;45: 407-414.
Saunders S. (2008). Juvenile skeletons and growth related studies. En: Biological Anthropology of the Human Skeleton (2da edición). Kat7.embergMA, Saunders S(eds). John Wiley &Sons, Inc,New Jersey, pp.117-147.
Reynolds EL. (1945). The bony pelviegirdle inearly infancy. American Joumal of PhysicalAnthropology; 4:321-354.
Rubín D. (1978). Multiple imputation fornonresponse insurveys. JohnWiley, New York.
Salceda S, Desántolo B, García Mancuso R, Plischuk M, Prat G, Inda A. (2009). Integración y conservación de la Colección osteológica "Profesor Doctor Rómulo Lambre": avancesyproblemáticas. Revista Argentina deAntropolDgía Biológica; 11:133-141.
Scheuer L,BlackS. (2000). DevelopmentalJ uvenile Osteology. Academic Press, Londres.
Schutkowski H. (1993). Sex detennination of infant and juvenil skeletons: i. morphognostic features. American ]ournal of Physical Anthropology; 90: 199-205.
Schutkowski H. (1987). Sex determination of fetal and neonate skeletons by means of discriminant analysis. Intemational Joumal of Anthropology; 4: 347-352.
Sutter RC. (2003). Nonmetric subadult skeletal sexing traits: l.A blind test of the accuracy of eight previously proposed methods using prehistoric known-sexmummiesfrom northern Chile.Joumal ofForensic Scimas;48:1-9.
Vlak D, Roksandic M, Schillaci MA. (2008). Greater sciatic notch as a sex indicator in juveniles. American ]oumal of Physical Anthropology; 137:309-315.
Weaver DS. (1980). Sex differences in the iliaof a known sex and age sample of fetal and infant skeletons. American Joumal of Physical Anthropology;52: 191-195.
White TD. (2000).Human osteology. Academic Press, California.
Wilson LA,MacLeod N, Humphrey LT. (2008). Morphometric criteria for sexing juvenile human skeletons using the ilium. Joumal of Forensic Sciences;53: 269-278.
Black TK. (1978).Sexual dimorphism in the tooth-aown d.iameters if the deciduous teeth. American Joumal of Physical Anthropology; 48:77-82.
Boucher B. (1957). Sex differences inthe foetalpelvis. American Joumal of Physical Anthropology; 15:581-600.
Brothwell DR. (1981). Desenterrando huesos. Fondo deCultura F.conómica, Madrid.
Cardoso HF, Saunders S. (2008). Two arch criteria of the ilium for sex determination of immature skelet.al remains: a test of thier accuracy and anassessment of intra-and inter-observer error.Forensic ScienceInternational; 178:24-29.
Coleman WH. (1969). Sex differences inthe grwth of the human bony pelvis. American Jouma! of PhysicalAnthropology; 31:125-152.
FarekasIG, Kósa F. (1978).Forensidoetal osteology.Akademiai Kiadó Publishers, Budapest.
Ferembach D, Schwidetzky L Stloukal M. (1977/79). Raccomandazioni perla determinaz:ione dell'eta e del sesso sullo scheletro. Rivista di Antropologia Pubblicazione dell' Instituto Italiano diAntropología VolLXRoma; 60:5-51.
Garn SM, Burdi AR, Babler WJ. (19'74). Male advancement in prenatal hand development. American Joumal of Physícal Anthropology; 41: 353-360.
González PN. (2008). Morfometna geométrica aplicada al análisis del dimorfismo sexual en restos óseos humanos de individuos adultosysubadultos [TesisDoctoral]. La Plata: Universidad Nacional deLa Plata. pp. 199.
Guimarey LM. (2004). Crecimiento y desarrollo físico. En: Tratado de Ped.iatna (3ra edición). Morano J (ed). Editorial Atlante, Buenos Aires, pp.121-138.
Holcomb SM, Konigsberg L. (1995). Statistical study of sexual dimorphism in the human fetal sciatic notch. American /ournal of Physical Anthropology; 97: 113-125.
Leakey R. (2000). El origen delahumanidad. Debate, Madrid.
May RL. (2000). Fetal age:methods of estimation and effects of pathology. American ]oumal of PhysicalAnthropology; 113:305-315.
Moore KL,Persaud TVN.(2004). Embriología Oíni.ca (7ma edición). Elsevier, Madrid.
Moss ML, Moss-Sa.lentijn L. (1977). Analysis of developmental processes possibly related to human dental sexual dimorphism in permanent and deciduous canines.Ammcan Joumal of Physica1Anthropology;45: 407-414.
Saunders S. (2008). Juvenile skeletons and growth related studies. En: Biological Anthropology of the Human Skeleton (2da edición). Kat7.embergMA, Saunders S(eds). John Wiley &Sons, Inc,New Jersey, pp.117-147.
Reynolds EL. (1945). The bony pelviegirdle inearly infancy. American Joumal of PhysicalAnthropology; 4:321-354.
Rubín D. (1978). Multiple imputation fornonresponse insurveys. JohnWiley, New York.
Salceda S, Desántolo B, García Mancuso R, Plischuk M, Prat G, Inda A. (2009). Integración y conservación de la Colección osteológica "Profesor Doctor Rómulo Lambre": avancesyproblemáticas. Revista Argentina deAntropolDgía Biológica; 11:133-141.
Scheuer L,BlackS. (2000). DevelopmentalJ uvenile Osteology. Academic Press, Londres.
Schutkowski H. (1993). Sex detennination of infant and juvenil skeletons: i. morphognostic features. American ]ournal of Physical Anthropology; 90: 199-205.
Schutkowski H. (1987). Sex determination of fetal and neonate skeletons by means of discriminant analysis. Intemational Joumal of Anthropology; 4: 347-352.
Sutter RC. (2003). Nonmetric subadult skeletal sexing traits: l.A blind test of the accuracy of eight previously proposed methods using prehistoric known-sexmummiesfrom northern Chile.Joumal ofForensic Scimas;48:1-9.
Vlak D, Roksandic M, Schillaci MA. (2008). Greater sciatic notch as a sex indicator in juveniles. American ]oumal of Physical Anthropology; 137:309-315.
Weaver DS. (1980). Sex differences in the iliaof a known sex and age sample of fetal and infant skeletons. American Joumal of Physical Anthropology;52: 191-195.
White TD. (2000).Human osteology. Academic Press, California.
Wilson LA,MacLeod N, Humphrey LT. (2008). Morphometric criteria for sexing juvenile human skeletons using the ilium. Joumal of Forensic Sciences;53: 269-278.
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GARCÍA-MANCUSO, R. (2014). Sex differences in metric variables of fetal ilium. Revista Ciencias Morfológicas, 11(1). Retrieved from https://revistas.unlp.edu.ar/Morfol/article/view/926
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