Detección de objetos de última generación: una revisión del rendimiento y modelos avanzados frente a los estándares en la agricultura inteligente

Autores/as

Palabras clave:

aprendizaje profundo, detección de objetos, racimos de uvas

Resumen

La agricultura de precisión incorpora técnicas de visión artificial para automatizar el análisis de imágenes y optimizar las tareas de monitorización en los sistemas de producción. Este artículo presenta una comparación de modelos de detección de objetos aplicados a un caso práctico de agricultura de precisión, utilizando un conjunto de datos propio de imágenes de racimos de uva, con una metodología extensible a conjuntos de datos estándar como COCO. Se evaluaron cuatro enfoques representativos: Faster R-CNN como un modelo clásico de dos etapas, YOLOv11 como un detector de una sola etapa ampliamente utilizado, y dos arquitecturas más recientes basadas en transformadores, DINO y D-FINE. La comparación se realizó considerando métricas de precisión, como mAP@50, y métricas de rendimiento computacional, incluyendo la velocidad de inferencia. Los resultados muestran que YOLOv11n ofrece el mejor equilibrio entre precisión y eficiencia, superando a los demás modelos evaluados. Faster R-CNN presenta un rendimiento inferior, comparable al de DINO, mientras que D-FINE logra una mayor precisión a costa de un consumo de recursos computacionales significativamente mayor. Estos resultados resaltan la importancia de seleccionar el modelo de detección en función del contexto de la aplicación y las restricciones operativas específicas del entorno agrícola.

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Publicado

2026-10-13

Número

Sección

ASAID - Simposio Argentino de Inteligencia Artificial y Ciencias de Datos

Cómo citar

Martínez, P. C., Montoya, M., Dalmasso, J., & Millán, E. N. (2026). Detección de objetos de última generación: una revisión del rendimiento y modelos avanzados frente a los estándares en la agricultura inteligente. JAIIO, Jornadas Argentinas De Informática, 12(1), 265-279. https://revistas.unlp.edu.ar/JAIIO/article/view/22226