Certification of Quantum Teleportation in Noisy Scenarios

Abstract

This paper presents a systematic study of the quantum teleportation protocol under various noise scenarios, using different metrics to assess its performance and certification. We examine the phenomenon of “fighting noise with noise” and discuss the role of entanglement in the quantum certification of the protocol, highlighting the need to explore figures of merit beyond the conventional average teleportation distance based on fidelity. Furthermore, we introduce an open-source Qiskit-based tool that experimentally estimates the average teleportation distance for any noisy protocol and any distance function. Its operation is validated on both simulators and real quantum hardware.