Assesment of porcine placental villi remodelling through tunel and PCNA
Abstract
The maintenance of functional and structural integrity of placental tissues involves a highly regulated cell replacement that depends on a delicate balance among cell proliferation, diferenciation and cell loss. Our objective was to determine the percentage of positive cells to the proliferating cell nuclear antigen, PCNA (%PCNA), and the apoptotic index (IAp) throughout pregnancy to evaluate the relation between cell proliferation and apoptosis. Placental samples from crossbred swines from ±30, ±60, ±80 and ±90 days of gestation were used. The %PCNA was obtained by immunohistochemistry. IAp was obtained by apoptosis in situ detection using a commercial TUNEL assay. A maintained proliferating activity was observed from early to late gestation, day ±90; a marked dimminution of PCNA was then detected. Apoptosis levels showed a notorius increase at day ±90 of gestation. During porcine placental remodelling, the apoptosis eliminated cells were replaced by an active cell proliferation process. The synchronization of both processes would favor the development and remodelling of placental villi and,consequently, the exchange of nutrients.
Keywords: swines, placenta, pregnancy, TUNEL, PCNA
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References
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Angosto M (2003) Bases moleculares de la apoptosis. Anal Real Acad Nal Farm 69(1): 36-63.
Barrio E, Calvo M, Romo A, Alvarez R, Gutierrez J, Fernández Longás A (2003) Crecimiento intrauterino restringido: estudio de la apoptosis en la placenta. Anal Pediatr 58(2): 51-54.
Benirschke K and Kaufmann P (2000) Pathology of the Human Placenta. Springer-Verlag 4th Ed, New York, USA.
Boos A, Janssen V, Mülling C (2003) Proliferation and apoptosis in bovine placentomes during pregnancy and around induced and spontaneous parturition as well as in cows retaining the fetal membranes. Reproduction 126: 469-480.
Cristofolini A, Merkis C, Barroso F, Vaquer V, Lloret M, Moschetti E, Koncurat M (2008) Detección de fibrinógeno, FAS B-10, FAS ZB4 y FAS C-20 durante la placentación porcina. REDVET IX(7): 1-10.
Cristofolini A, Merkis C, Sanchis E, Chanique A, Allende F, Campos M, Alessio A, Taglialegna A, Moschetti E, Koncurat M (2009) Cellular apoptosis in porcine placenta of different periods of gestation. Acta Microsc 18(C): 691-692.
Cristofolini A (2010) Estudio de la remodelación celular durante la placentación porcina. Tesis Doctoral. Biblioteca Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto.
Cristofolini A, Merkis C, Koncurat M (2012) Remodelación celular durante la placentación porcina. Editorial Académica Española, LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing GmbH & Co. KG, Saarbrücken, Germany.
Cristofolini A, Sanchis G, Moliva M, Alonso L, Chanique A, Koncurat M, Merkis C (2013) Cellular remodelling by apoptosis during porcine placentation. Reprod Dom Anim 48(4): 584-590.
Di Rienzo J, Casanoves F, Balzarini M, Gonzalez L, Tablada M, Robledo C (2009) InfoStat versión 2009. Grupo InfoStat, FCA, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina.
Greijer A and van der Wall E (2004) The role of hypoxia inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) in hypoxia induced apoptosis. J Clin Pathol 57: 1009-1014.
Heazell A, Harris L, Forbes K, Crocker I (2006) Placental cell turnover in health and disease. Reviews in Gynaecological and Perinatal Practice 6: 80-86.
Heazell A and Crocker I (2008) Live and Let Die. Regulation of villous trophoblast apoptosis in normal and abnormal pregnancies. Placenta 29: 772-783.
Huppertz B, Kadyrov M, Kingdom JC (2006) Apoptosis and its role in the trophoblast. Am J Obstet Gynecol 195: 29-39.
Kelten C, Zekioğlu O, Terek C, Özdemir N, Düzcan E (2010) Expression of Ki-67, Bcl-2 and Bax in the first trimester abortion materials. Turk JPathol 26: 31-37.
Korgun E, Celik-Ozenci C, Acar N, Cayli S, Desoye G, Demir R (2006) Location of cell cycle regulators cyclin B1, cyclin A, PCNA, Ki67 and cell cycle inhibitors p21, p27 and p57 in human first trimester placenta and deciduas. Histochem Cell Biol 125: 615-624.
Levy R and Nelson D. (2000) To be, or not to be, that is the question. Apoptosis in the human placenta. Placenta 21: 1-13.
Marrable A (1971) The embryonic pig: A chronological account. Ed. Exeter, Pitman Medical, London, UK.
Merkis C, Cristofolini A, Franchino M, Moschetti E, Koncurat M (2005) Relación entre área total y área epitelial de vellosidades placentarias porcinas de diferentes estadíos gestacionales. InVet 7: 47-54.
Merkis C, Cristofolini A, Koncurat M (2007) Apoptotic phenomena during porcine placentation. REDVET 8(1): 1-10.
Merkis C, Cristofolini A, Sanchis E, Koncurat M (2010) Expression of death cellular receptors FAS/CD95 and DR4 during porcine placentation. Int J Morphol 28(3): 829-834.
Naryzhny SN (2008) Proliferating cell nuclear antigen: a proteomics view. Cell Mol Life Sci 65(3): 789-808.
Okano A, Ogawa H, Takahashi H, Geshi M (2007) Apoptosis in the porcine uterine endometrium during the estrous cycle, early pregnancy and post partum. J Reprod Dev 53(4): 923-930.
Olvera M, Harris S, Amezcua C, McCourty A, Rezk S, Koo C, Felix J, Brynes R (2001) Immunohistochemical expression of cell cycle proteins E2F-1, Cdk-2, Cyclin E, p27kip1, and Ki-67 in normal placenta and gestational trophoblastic disease. Mod Pathol 14(10): 1036-1042.
Reti N, Lappas M, Riley C, Wlodek M, Permezel L, Walker S, Rice G (2007) Why do membranes rupture at term? Evidence of increased cellular apoptosis in the supracervical fetal membranes. Am J Obstet Gynecol 196(5): 484.e1-484.e10.
Sanchis EG (2013) Estudio de la neovascularización durante la placentación porcina. Tesis Doctoral. Biblioteca de la Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto.
Sanchis EG (2015) Porcine placental immunoexpression of vascular endothelial growth factor, placenta growth factor, Flt-1 and Flk-1. Biotech Histochem. En prensa.
Takahashi T, Caviness Jr VS (1993) PCNA-binding to DNA at the G1/S transition in proliferating cells of the developing cerebral wall. J Neurocytol 22: 1096–1102.
Unek G, Ozmen A, Kipmen-Korgun D, TurkayKorgun E (2012) Immunolocalization of PCNA, Ki67, p27 and p57 in normal and dexamethasone-induced intrauterine growth restriction placental development in rat. Acta Histochem 114(1): 31-40.
Van der Lende T and Van Rens B (2003) Critical periods for fetal mortality in gilts identified by analising the length distribution of mummified fetuses and frecuency on non-fresh stillborn piglets. Anim Reprod Sci 75: 141-150.
Xue W, Khoo U, Ngan H, Chan K, Chiu P, Tsao S, Cheung A (2003) Minichromosome maintenance protein 7 expression in gestational trophoblastic disease: correlation with Ki67, PCNA and clinicopathological parameters. Histopathology 43: 485-490.
Angosto M (2003) Bases moleculares de la apoptosis. Anal Real Acad Nal Farm 69(1): 36-63.
Barrio E, Calvo M, Romo A, Alvarez R, Gutierrez J, Fernández Longás A (2003) Crecimiento intrauterino restringido: estudio de la apoptosis en la placenta. Anal Pediatr 58(2): 51-54.
Benirschke K and Kaufmann P (2000) Pathology of the Human Placenta. Springer-Verlag 4th Ed, New York, USA.
Boos A, Janssen V, Mülling C (2003) Proliferation and apoptosis in bovine placentomes during pregnancy and around induced and spontaneous parturition as well as in cows retaining the fetal membranes. Reproduction 126: 469-480.
Cristofolini A, Merkis C, Barroso F, Vaquer V, Lloret M, Moschetti E, Koncurat M (2008) Detección de fibrinógeno, FAS B-10, FAS ZB4 y FAS C-20 durante la placentación porcina. REDVET IX(7): 1-10.
Cristofolini A, Merkis C, Sanchis E, Chanique A, Allende F, Campos M, Alessio A, Taglialegna A, Moschetti E, Koncurat M (2009) Cellular apoptosis in porcine placenta of different periods of gestation. Acta Microsc 18(C): 691-692.
Cristofolini A (2010) Estudio de la remodelación celular durante la placentación porcina. Tesis Doctoral. Biblioteca Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto.
Cristofolini A, Merkis C, Koncurat M (2012) Remodelación celular durante la placentación porcina. Editorial Académica Española, LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing GmbH & Co. KG, Saarbrücken, Germany.
Cristofolini A, Sanchis G, Moliva M, Alonso L, Chanique A, Koncurat M, Merkis C (2013) Cellular remodelling by apoptosis during porcine placentation. Reprod Dom Anim 48(4): 584-590.
Di Rienzo J, Casanoves F, Balzarini M, Gonzalez L, Tablada M, Robledo C (2009) InfoStat versión 2009. Grupo InfoStat, FCA, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina.
Greijer A and van der Wall E (2004) The role of hypoxia inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) in hypoxia induced apoptosis. J Clin Pathol 57: 1009-1014.
Heazell A, Harris L, Forbes K, Crocker I (2006) Placental cell turnover in health and disease. Reviews in Gynaecological and Perinatal Practice 6: 80-86.
Heazell A and Crocker I (2008) Live and Let Die. Regulation of villous trophoblast apoptosis in normal and abnormal pregnancies. Placenta 29: 772-783.
Huppertz B, Kadyrov M, Kingdom JC (2006) Apoptosis and its role in the trophoblast. Am J Obstet Gynecol 195: 29-39.
Kelten C, Zekioğlu O, Terek C, Özdemir N, Düzcan E (2010) Expression of Ki-67, Bcl-2 and Bax in the first trimester abortion materials. Turk JPathol 26: 31-37.
Korgun E, Celik-Ozenci C, Acar N, Cayli S, Desoye G, Demir R (2006) Location of cell cycle regulators cyclin B1, cyclin A, PCNA, Ki67 and cell cycle inhibitors p21, p27 and p57 in human first trimester placenta and deciduas. Histochem Cell Biol 125: 615-624.
Levy R and Nelson D. (2000) To be, or not to be, that is the question. Apoptosis in the human placenta. Placenta 21: 1-13.
Marrable A (1971) The embryonic pig: A chronological account. Ed. Exeter, Pitman Medical, London, UK.
Merkis C, Cristofolini A, Franchino M, Moschetti E, Koncurat M (2005) Relación entre área total y área epitelial de vellosidades placentarias porcinas de diferentes estadíos gestacionales. InVet 7: 47-54.
Merkis C, Cristofolini A, Koncurat M (2007) Apoptotic phenomena during porcine placentation. REDVET 8(1): 1-10.
Merkis C, Cristofolini A, Sanchis E, Koncurat M (2010) Expression of death cellular receptors FAS/CD95 and DR4 during porcine placentation. Int J Morphol 28(3): 829-834.
Naryzhny SN (2008) Proliferating cell nuclear antigen: a proteomics view. Cell Mol Life Sci 65(3): 789-808.
Okano A, Ogawa H, Takahashi H, Geshi M (2007) Apoptosis in the porcine uterine endometrium during the estrous cycle, early pregnancy and post partum. J Reprod Dev 53(4): 923-930.
Olvera M, Harris S, Amezcua C, McCourty A, Rezk S, Koo C, Felix J, Brynes R (2001) Immunohistochemical expression of cell cycle proteins E2F-1, Cdk-2, Cyclin E, p27kip1, and Ki-67 in normal placenta and gestational trophoblastic disease. Mod Pathol 14(10): 1036-1042.
Reti N, Lappas M, Riley C, Wlodek M, Permezel L, Walker S, Rice G (2007) Why do membranes rupture at term? Evidence of increased cellular apoptosis in the supracervical fetal membranes. Am J Obstet Gynecol 196(5): 484.e1-484.e10.
Sanchis EG (2013) Estudio de la neovascularización durante la placentación porcina. Tesis Doctoral. Biblioteca de la Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto.
Sanchis EG (2015) Porcine placental immunoexpression of vascular endothelial growth factor, placenta growth factor, Flt-1 and Flk-1. Biotech Histochem. En prensa.
Takahashi T, Caviness Jr VS (1993) PCNA-binding to DNA at the G1/S transition in proliferating cells of the developing cerebral wall. J Neurocytol 22: 1096–1102.
Unek G, Ozmen A, Kipmen-Korgun D, TurkayKorgun E (2012) Immunolocalization of PCNA, Ki67, p27 and p57 in normal and dexamethasone-induced intrauterine growth restriction placental development in rat. Acta Histochem 114(1): 31-40.
Van der Lende T and Van Rens B (2003) Critical periods for fetal mortality in gilts identified by analising the length distribution of mummified fetuses and frecuency on non-fresh stillborn piglets. Anim Reprod Sci 75: 141-150.
Xue W, Khoo U, Ngan H, Chan K, Chiu P, Tsao S, Cheung A (2003) Minichromosome maintenance protein 7 expression in gestational trophoblastic disease: correlation with Ki67, PCNA and clinicopathological parameters. Histopathology 43: 485-490.
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SANCHIS, E. G., GONZÁLEZ, S. L., FIORIMANTI, M. R., CRISTOFOLINI, A. L., BARBEITO, C. G., & MERKIS, C. I. (2015). Assesment of porcine placental villi remodelling through tunel and PCNA. Revista Ciencias Morfológicas, 17(2). Retrieved from https://revistas.unlp.edu.ar/Morfol/article/view/2487
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