Recognition of dimorphic traits in infant ilium using geometric morphometric
Abstract
Diagnosis of sex in skeletal remains is critical in forensic investigations and is particularly relevant for the analysis of demographic and adaptive processes of human past populations. However, sex determination in skeletal remains of individuals who did not develop secondary sexual characteristics remains controversial. In this paper, the morphological variation in human ilia of individuals of 0-4 postnatal months of age from the Prof. Dr. Romulo Lambre skeletal collection (formed by skeletons of known sex) is analyzed. In order to identify sexually dimorphic variables using geometric morphometric techniques, it was analyzed the entire ilium as well as a set of features within the ilium: greater sciatic notch, auricular surface, iliac crest, acetabular region and anterior border. We found sex differences in the complete ilium, and, for particular traits, only the acetabular region showed no morphological variation attributable to sex differences, indicating that most of the features discussed here contribute to the dimorphic differentiation of the ilium. This work represents an exploration of the morphological characteristics of the ilium and is a contribution to the analysis of sexual dimorphism in infant individuals.
Keywords: sex determination, subadults, innominte.
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References
Adalian P, Boutin-Forzano S, Piercecchi-Marti M-D, Ardagna Y, Signoli M, et al. (2001) Estimation du sexe foetal à partir de l'ilium. Bull Mem Soc Anthropol Paris 13.
Adams D, Rohlf F, Slice D (2004) Geometric morphometrics: Ten years of progress following the 'revolution'. Ital J Zool 71: 5-16.
Alemán I, Irurita J, Valencia AR, Martínez A, López-Lázaro S, et al. (2012) Brief communication: The Granada osteological collection of identified infants and young children. Am J Phys Anthropol 149: 606-610.
Blake K (2011) An investigation of the sex determination from subadult perlvis: a morphometric analysis. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh.
Bookstein FL (1997) Landmark methods for forms without landmarks: morphometrics of group differences in outline shape. Med Image Anal 1: 225-243.
Boucher B (1957) Sex differences in the foetal pelvis. Am J Phys Anthropol 15: 581-600.
Brothwell DR (1981) Desenterrando huesos. Madrid: Fondo de Cultura Económica.
Buikstra JE, Ubelaker DH (1994) Standards for datal collection from human skeletal remains. Arkansas: Arkansas Archeological Survey Research Series.
Cardoso HF (2006) Brief communication: The collection of identified human skeletons housed at the Bocage Museum (National Museum of Natural History), Lisbon, Portugal. Am J Phys Anthropol 129: 173-176.
Cardoso HF, Saunders SR (2008) Two arch criteria of the ilium for sex determination of immature skeletal remains: a test of thier accuracy and an assessment of intra- and inter-observer error. Forensic Sci Int 178: 24-29.
Coleman WH (1969) Sex differences in the growth of the human bony pelvis. Am J Phys Anthropol 31: 125-152.
Ferembach D, Schwidetzky I, Stloukal M (1977/79) Raccomandazioni per la determinazione dell'eta e del sesso sullo scheletro. Rivista di Antropologia 60: 5-51.
Falissard B (2012) psy: Various procedures used in psychometry. R package version 1.1. http://CRANR-projectorg/package=psy.
García-Mancuso R (2009) Diferencias sexuales en variables métricas del ilion fetal. Rev Cs Morfol 11: 5-14.
García-Mancuso R (2013) Análisis bioantropológico de restos esqueletales de individuos subadultos. Diagnóstico de edad y sexo, validación técnico metodológica. La Plata: Universidad Nacional de La Plata. 283 p.
Gonzáles Martín A (1999) Infancia y adolescencia en la Murcia musulmana. Estudio de restos óseos. Madrid: Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. 263 p.
González PN (2008) Morfometría geométrica aplicada al análisis del dimorfismo sexual en restos óseos humanos de individuos adultos y subadultos [Tesis Doctoral]. La Plata: Universidad Nacional de La Plata. 199 p.
González PN, Bernal V, Barrientos G (2005) Estimación del dimorfismo sexual en el esqueleto pélvico y mandibular de individuos subadultos: comparación de técnicas visuales y de morfometría geométrica. Werken 6: 49-61.
González PN, Bernal V, Ivan Perez S, Barrientos G (2007) Analysis of dimorphic structures of the human pelvis: its implications for sex estimation in samples without reference collections. J Archaeol Sci 34: 1720-1730.
González PN, Bernal V, Perez SI (2009) Geometric morphometric approach to sex estimation of human pelvis. Forensic Sci Int 189: 68-74.
González PN, Bernal V, Perez SI (2011) Analysis of sexual dimorphism of craniofacial traits using geometric morphometric techniques. Int J Osteoarchaeol 21: 82-91.
Hair JF, Anderson RE, Tatham RL, Black WC (1995) Multivariate data analysis. 4th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
Holcomb SM, Konigsberg LW (1995) Statistical study of sexual dimorphism in the human fetal sciatic notch. Am J Phys Anthropol 97: 113-125.
Hoppa RD, Vaupel JW (2002) Paleodemography: Age Distributions from Skeletal Samples: Cambridge University Press.
Hunt DR (1990) Sex determination in the subadult ilia: an indirect test of Weaver's nonmetric sexing method J Forensic Sci 35: 881-885.
Klingenberg CP (2011) MorphoJ: an integrated software package for geometric morphometrics. Mol Ecol Resour 11: 353-357.
Majó T (1992) Ontogénèse de l'os coxal et détermination sexuelle: l'importance de l'ilium. Bull Mém Soc Anthropol Paris: 53-65.
Majó T (1996) Réflexions méthodologiques liées à la diagnose sexuelle des squelettes non-adultes. Bull Mém Soc Anthropol Paris: 481-490.
Mandeville P (2005) Tema 9: el coeficiente de correlación intraclase (ICC). Ciencia UANL VIII: 414-416.
Meindl RS, Russell KS (1998) Recent advances in method and theory in paleodemography. Annu Rev Anthropol 27: 375-399.
Mittler DM, Sheridan SG (1992) Sex determination in subadults using auricular surface morphology: a forensic science perspective. J Forensic Sci 37: 1068-1075.
Pretorius E, Steyn M, Scholtz Y (2006) Investigation into the usability of geometric morphometric analysis in assessment of sexual dimorphism. Am J Phys Anthropol 129: 64-70.
R Core Team (2013) R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria URL http://wwwR-projectorg/.
Rissech C, Malgosa A (2005) Ilium growth study: applicability in sex and age diagnosis. Forensic Sci Int 147: 165-174.
Rocha MA (1995) Les collections ostéologiques humaines identifiées du Musée Anthropologique de l'Université de Coimbra. Coimbra, Portugal: Universidade de Coimbra, Instituto de Antropologia.
Rohlf JF (2010) http://life.bio.sunysb.edu/morph/soft-dataacq.html.
Salceda SA, Desántolo B, García-Mancuso R, Plischuk M, Prat G, et al. (2009) Integración y conservación de la Colección osteológica "Profesor Doctor Rómulo Lambre": avances y problemáticas. Rev Arg Antrop Biol 11: 133-141.
Salceda SA, Desántolo B, García-Mancuso R, Plischuk M, Inda AM (2012) The 'Prof. Dr. Rómulo Lambre' Collection: An Argentinian sample of modern skeletons. HOMO 63: 275-281.
Scheuer L, Black S (2000) Developmental Juvenile Osteology. Londres: Academic Press. 587 p.
Schutkowski H (1993) Sex determination of infant and juvenil skeletons: i. morphognostic features Am J Phys Anthropol 90: 199-205.
Slice D (2005) Modern Morphometrics. In: Slice D, editor. Modern Morphometrics in Physical Anthropology: Springer US. pp. 1-45.
Spradley MK, Jantz RL (2011) Sex Estimation in Forensic Anthropology: Skull Versus Postcranial Elements. J Forensic Sci 56: 289-296.
Thomson A (1899) The Sexual Differences of the Foetal Pelvis. J Anat Physiol 33: 359-526 355.
Vlak D, Roksandic M, Schillaci MA (2008) Greater sciatic notch as a sex indicator in juveniles. Am J Phys Anthropol 137: 309-315.
Volpato V (2008) Morphogenèse de l'endostructure osseuse de l'ilion humain. C R Palevol 7: 463-471.
Weaver DS (1980) Sex differences in the ilia of a known sex and age sample of fetal and infant skeletons. Am J Phys Anthropol 52: 191- 195.
Weir JP (2005) Quantifying test-retest reliability using the intraclass correlation coefficient and the SEM. J Strength Cond Res 19: 231- 240.
Wilson LA, MacLeod N, Humphrey LT (2008) Morphometric criteria for sexing juvenile human skeletons using the ilium. J Forensic Sci 53: 269-278.
Wilson LA, Cardoso HFV, Humphrey LT (2011) On the reliability of a geometric morphometric approach to sex determination: A blind test of six criteria of the juvenile ilium. Forensic Sci Int 206: 35-42.
Adams D, Rohlf F, Slice D (2004) Geometric morphometrics: Ten years of progress following the 'revolution'. Ital J Zool 71: 5-16.
Alemán I, Irurita J, Valencia AR, Martínez A, López-Lázaro S, et al. (2012) Brief communication: The Granada osteological collection of identified infants and young children. Am J Phys Anthropol 149: 606-610.
Blake K (2011) An investigation of the sex determination from subadult perlvis: a morphometric analysis. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh.
Bookstein FL (1997) Landmark methods for forms without landmarks: morphometrics of group differences in outline shape. Med Image Anal 1: 225-243.
Boucher B (1957) Sex differences in the foetal pelvis. Am J Phys Anthropol 15: 581-600.
Brothwell DR (1981) Desenterrando huesos. Madrid: Fondo de Cultura Económica.
Buikstra JE, Ubelaker DH (1994) Standards for datal collection from human skeletal remains. Arkansas: Arkansas Archeological Survey Research Series.
Cardoso HF (2006) Brief communication: The collection of identified human skeletons housed at the Bocage Museum (National Museum of Natural History), Lisbon, Portugal. Am J Phys Anthropol 129: 173-176.
Cardoso HF, Saunders SR (2008) Two arch criteria of the ilium for sex determination of immature skeletal remains: a test of thier accuracy and an assessment of intra- and inter-observer error. Forensic Sci Int 178: 24-29.
Coleman WH (1969) Sex differences in the growth of the human bony pelvis. Am J Phys Anthropol 31: 125-152.
Ferembach D, Schwidetzky I, Stloukal M (1977/79) Raccomandazioni per la determinazione dell'eta e del sesso sullo scheletro. Rivista di Antropologia 60: 5-51.
Falissard B (2012) psy: Various procedures used in psychometry. R package version 1.1. http://CRANR-projectorg/package=psy.
García-Mancuso R (2009) Diferencias sexuales en variables métricas del ilion fetal. Rev Cs Morfol 11: 5-14.
García-Mancuso R (2013) Análisis bioantropológico de restos esqueletales de individuos subadultos. Diagnóstico de edad y sexo, validación técnico metodológica. La Plata: Universidad Nacional de La Plata. 283 p.
Gonzáles Martín A (1999) Infancia y adolescencia en la Murcia musulmana. Estudio de restos óseos. Madrid: Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. 263 p.
González PN (2008) Morfometría geométrica aplicada al análisis del dimorfismo sexual en restos óseos humanos de individuos adultos y subadultos [Tesis Doctoral]. La Plata: Universidad Nacional de La Plata. 199 p.
González PN, Bernal V, Barrientos G (2005) Estimación del dimorfismo sexual en el esqueleto pélvico y mandibular de individuos subadultos: comparación de técnicas visuales y de morfometría geométrica. Werken 6: 49-61.
González PN, Bernal V, Ivan Perez S, Barrientos G (2007) Analysis of dimorphic structures of the human pelvis: its implications for sex estimation in samples without reference collections. J Archaeol Sci 34: 1720-1730.
González PN, Bernal V, Perez SI (2009) Geometric morphometric approach to sex estimation of human pelvis. Forensic Sci Int 189: 68-74.
González PN, Bernal V, Perez SI (2011) Analysis of sexual dimorphism of craniofacial traits using geometric morphometric techniques. Int J Osteoarchaeol 21: 82-91.
Hair JF, Anderson RE, Tatham RL, Black WC (1995) Multivariate data analysis. 4th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
Holcomb SM, Konigsberg LW (1995) Statistical study of sexual dimorphism in the human fetal sciatic notch. Am J Phys Anthropol 97: 113-125.
Hoppa RD, Vaupel JW (2002) Paleodemography: Age Distributions from Skeletal Samples: Cambridge University Press.
Hunt DR (1990) Sex determination in the subadult ilia: an indirect test of Weaver's nonmetric sexing method J Forensic Sci 35: 881-885.
Klingenberg CP (2011) MorphoJ: an integrated software package for geometric morphometrics. Mol Ecol Resour 11: 353-357.
Majó T (1992) Ontogénèse de l'os coxal et détermination sexuelle: l'importance de l'ilium. Bull Mém Soc Anthropol Paris: 53-65.
Majó T (1996) Réflexions méthodologiques liées à la diagnose sexuelle des squelettes non-adultes. Bull Mém Soc Anthropol Paris: 481-490.
Mandeville P (2005) Tema 9: el coeficiente de correlación intraclase (ICC). Ciencia UANL VIII: 414-416.
Meindl RS, Russell KS (1998) Recent advances in method and theory in paleodemography. Annu Rev Anthropol 27: 375-399.
Mittler DM, Sheridan SG (1992) Sex determination in subadults using auricular surface morphology: a forensic science perspective. J Forensic Sci 37: 1068-1075.
Pretorius E, Steyn M, Scholtz Y (2006) Investigation into the usability of geometric morphometric analysis in assessment of sexual dimorphism. Am J Phys Anthropol 129: 64-70.
R Core Team (2013) R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria URL http://wwwR-projectorg/.
Rissech C, Malgosa A (2005) Ilium growth study: applicability in sex and age diagnosis. Forensic Sci Int 147: 165-174.
Rocha MA (1995) Les collections ostéologiques humaines identifiées du Musée Anthropologique de l'Université de Coimbra. Coimbra, Portugal: Universidade de Coimbra, Instituto de Antropologia.
Rohlf JF (2010) http://life.bio.sunysb.edu/morph/soft-dataacq.html.
Salceda SA, Desántolo B, García-Mancuso R, Plischuk M, Prat G, et al. (2009) Integración y conservación de la Colección osteológica "Profesor Doctor Rómulo Lambre": avances y problemáticas. Rev Arg Antrop Biol 11: 133-141.
Salceda SA, Desántolo B, García-Mancuso R, Plischuk M, Inda AM (2012) The 'Prof. Dr. Rómulo Lambre' Collection: An Argentinian sample of modern skeletons. HOMO 63: 275-281.
Scheuer L, Black S (2000) Developmental Juvenile Osteology. Londres: Academic Press. 587 p.
Schutkowski H (1993) Sex determination of infant and juvenil skeletons: i. morphognostic features Am J Phys Anthropol 90: 199-205.
Slice D (2005) Modern Morphometrics. In: Slice D, editor. Modern Morphometrics in Physical Anthropology: Springer US. pp. 1-45.
Spradley MK, Jantz RL (2011) Sex Estimation in Forensic Anthropology: Skull Versus Postcranial Elements. J Forensic Sci 56: 289-296.
Thomson A (1899) The Sexual Differences of the Foetal Pelvis. J Anat Physiol 33: 359-526 355.
Vlak D, Roksandic M, Schillaci MA (2008) Greater sciatic notch as a sex indicator in juveniles. Am J Phys Anthropol 137: 309-315.
Volpato V (2008) Morphogenèse de l'endostructure osseuse de l'ilion humain. C R Palevol 7: 463-471.
Weaver DS (1980) Sex differences in the ilia of a known sex and age sample of fetal and infant skeletons. Am J Phys Anthropol 52: 191- 195.
Weir JP (2005) Quantifying test-retest reliability using the intraclass correlation coefficient and the SEM. J Strength Cond Res 19: 231- 240.
Wilson LA, MacLeod N, Humphrey LT (2008) Morphometric criteria for sexing juvenile human skeletons using the ilium. J Forensic Sci 53: 269-278.
Wilson LA, Cardoso HFV, Humphrey LT (2011) On the reliability of a geometric morphometric approach to sex determination: A blind test of six criteria of the juvenile ilium. Forensic Sci Int 206: 35-42.
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GARCÍA-MANCUSO, R., & GONZÁLEZ, P. N. (2014). Recognition of dimorphic traits in infant ilium using geometric morphometric. Revista Ciencias Morfológicas, 15(1). Retrieved from https://revistas.unlp.edu.ar/Morfol/article/view/841
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