Canalization of craniofacial morphology in homo sapiensduring ontogeny, a cross-sectional study
Abstract
Canalization is a developmental property of organisms that constrains morphological variation and can be expressed as a reduction of the variance among individuals. This work aims to evaluate variance of size and shape in the human skull during postnatal ontogeny in order to infer canalization. Craniometric landmarks were digitized on 266 skulls of individuals at age 0, 2, 7, 12, 15, 18 and 20 years. Geometric morphometric was used to compute variance of size and shape at each age and then variances were compared between consecutive ages. Neither variance of size nor variance of shape showed progressive reduction along ontogeny. There were no differences in the variance of size between consecutives ages but significant reductions of variance of shape were found between ages 0 and 2 for the neurocranium, as well as between 7 and 12 for the face. These results suggest that canalization is related to developmental processes such as brain growth and dental emergency that affect differently the neurocranium and the face at particular moments of the ontogeny.
Keywords: variance, neurocranium, splacnocranium.
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References
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Debat V, David P. (2001). Mapping phenotypes: canalization, plasticity and developmental stability. Trends Ecol Evol; 16:555-561.
Enlow DH, Hans MG. (1996). Crecimiento facial. McGraw-Hill Interamericana, México DF.
Gonzalez PN, Perez SI, Bernal V. (2010). Ontogeny of robusticity of craniofacial traits in modern humans: A study of South American populations. Am J Phys Anthropol; 142:367–379.
Guihard-Costa AM. (1988). Estimation of fetal age from craniofacial dimensions. Bull Assoc Anat (Nancy); 72: 15–19.
Hallgrímsson B, Willmore K, Hall B. (2002). Canalization, developmental stability and morphological integration in primate limbs. Yearb Phys Anthropol; 45:131-158.
Hallgrímsson B, Brown J, Ford-Hutchinson A, Sheets D, Zelditch ML, Jirik FR. (2006). The Brachyomorph mouse and the developmental-genetic basis for canalization and morphological integration. Evol Dev; 8:61-73.
Humprey LT. (1998). Growth patterns in the modern human skeleton. Am J Phys Anthropol; 105:57-72.
Martínez Abadías N. (2007). Evolutionary patterns of the human skull. A quantitative genetic anlysis of craneofacial phenotypic variation. PhD Thesis, Universitat de Barcelona.
Mitteroecker P, Bookstein F. (2008). The evolutionary role of modularity and integration in the hominoid cranium. Evolution; 62:943-958.
Moss ML, Young RW. (1960). A functional approach to craniology. Am J Phys Anthropol; 18:281-292.
Rohlf F, Slice DE. (1990). Extensions of the Procrustes methods for the optimal superimposition of landmarks. Syst Zool; 39:40-59.
Sardi ML, Ramírez-Rozzi FV. (2005). Cross-sectional study of human craniofacial growth. Ann Hum Biol; 32:390-396.
Sardi ML, Ramírez-Rozzi F. (2007). Developmental connections between cranial components and the emergence of the first permanent molar in humans J Anat; 210:406-417.
Sardi ML. En prensa. La evolución de la ontogenia craneofacial en las poblaciones humanas. En Darwin en el Sur, Ayer y Hoy. Contribuciones de la 1ra Reunión de Biología Evolutiva del Cono Sur, Massarini et al. (eds) Libros del Rojas, Buenos Aires, pp 89-96.
Wasterlain SN, Cunha E, Hillson S. En prensa. Periodontal disease in a Portuguese identified skeletal sample from the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Am J Phys Anthropol; n/a. doi: 10.1002/ajpa.21464.
Willmore KE, Young NM, Richtsmeier JT. (2007). Phenotypic variability: its components, mesuarements and underlying developmental processes. Evol Biol; 34:99-120.
Willmore KE, Zelditch ML, Young N, Ah-Seng A, Lozanoff S, Hallgrímsson B. (2006). Canalization and developmental stability in the Brachyrrhine mouse. J Anat; 208:361-372.
Young NM. (2006). Function, ontogeny and canalization of shape variance in the primate scapula. J Anat; 209:623-636.
Zelditch ML, Lundrigan BL, Garland T. (2004). Developmental regulation of skull morphology. I. Ontogenetic dynamics of variance. Evol Dev; 6:194-206.
Debat V, David P. (2001). Mapping phenotypes: canalization, plasticity and developmental stability. Trends Ecol Evol; 16:555-561.
Enlow DH, Hans MG. (1996). Crecimiento facial. McGraw-Hill Interamericana, México DF.
Gonzalez PN, Perez SI, Bernal V. (2010). Ontogeny of robusticity of craniofacial traits in modern humans: A study of South American populations. Am J Phys Anthropol; 142:367–379.
Guihard-Costa AM. (1988). Estimation of fetal age from craniofacial dimensions. Bull Assoc Anat (Nancy); 72: 15–19.
Hallgrímsson B, Willmore K, Hall B. (2002). Canalization, developmental stability and morphological integration in primate limbs. Yearb Phys Anthropol; 45:131-158.
Hallgrímsson B, Brown J, Ford-Hutchinson A, Sheets D, Zelditch ML, Jirik FR. (2006). The Brachyomorph mouse and the developmental-genetic basis for canalization and morphological integration. Evol Dev; 8:61-73.
Humprey LT. (1998). Growth patterns in the modern human skeleton. Am J Phys Anthropol; 105:57-72.
Martínez Abadías N. (2007). Evolutionary patterns of the human skull. A quantitative genetic anlysis of craneofacial phenotypic variation. PhD Thesis, Universitat de Barcelona.
Mitteroecker P, Bookstein F. (2008). The evolutionary role of modularity and integration in the hominoid cranium. Evolution; 62:943-958.
Moss ML, Young RW. (1960). A functional approach to craniology. Am J Phys Anthropol; 18:281-292.
Rohlf F, Slice DE. (1990). Extensions of the Procrustes methods for the optimal superimposition of landmarks. Syst Zool; 39:40-59.
Sardi ML, Ramírez-Rozzi FV. (2005). Cross-sectional study of human craniofacial growth. Ann Hum Biol; 32:390-396.
Sardi ML, Ramírez-Rozzi F. (2007). Developmental connections between cranial components and the emergence of the first permanent molar in humans J Anat; 210:406-417.
Sardi ML. En prensa. La evolución de la ontogenia craneofacial en las poblaciones humanas. En Darwin en el Sur, Ayer y Hoy. Contribuciones de la 1ra Reunión de Biología Evolutiva del Cono Sur, Massarini et al. (eds) Libros del Rojas, Buenos Aires, pp 89-96.
Wasterlain SN, Cunha E, Hillson S. En prensa. Periodontal disease in a Portuguese identified skeletal sample from the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Am J Phys Anthropol; n/a. doi: 10.1002/ajpa.21464.
Willmore KE, Young NM, Richtsmeier JT. (2007). Phenotypic variability: its components, mesuarements and underlying developmental processes. Evol Biol; 34:99-120.
Willmore KE, Zelditch ML, Young N, Ah-Seng A, Lozanoff S, Hallgrímsson B. (2006). Canalization and developmental stability in the Brachyrrhine mouse. J Anat; 208:361-372.
Young NM. (2006). Function, ontogeny and canalization of shape variance in the primate scapula. J Anat; 209:623-636.
Zelditch ML, Lundrigan BL, Garland T. (2004). Developmental regulation of skull morphology. I. Ontogenetic dynamics of variance. Evol Dev; 6:194-206.
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How to Cite
BARBEITO-ANDRES, J., SARDI, M. L., VENTRICE, F., ANZELMO, M., & PUCCIARELLI, H. M. (2014). Canalization of craniofacial morphology in homo sapiensduring ontogeny, a cross-sectional study. Revista Ciencias Morfológicas, 12(1). Retrieved from https://revistas.unlp.edu.ar/Morfol/article/view/917
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