Sarcopenia in oncology pattients attending the Dr. José Penna General Interzonal Hospital, Bahía Blanca

Abstract

Sarcopenia, characterized by the progressive loss of muscle mass and strength, is a clinically relevant condition in oncology patients, particularly during treatments such as chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Often underdiagnosed, its presence is associated with poorer functional and clinical outcomes. This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of sarcopenia in outpatient cancer patients treated at the “Dr. José Penna” Interzonal General Hospital in Bahía Blanca, between November 2023 and January 2024.

A quantitative, descriptive, observational, and cross-sectional study is conducted, including adult patients with a confirmed cancer diagnosis undergoing active treatment. Anthropometric indicators (arm circumference, triceps skinfold), handgrip strength, and gait speed are assessed using the criteria established by the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP2).

The results show a high prevalence of sarcopenia, particularly among patients with gynecologic and head and neck tumors. Notably, numerous cases of sarcopenic obesity are identified, in which excess fat masks underlying muscle deterioration. Handgrip strength emerges as the most frequently affected parameter, and sarcopenia is more common in older patients and those with longer treatment durations.

In conclusion, sarcopenia is a frequent and clinically significant condition in outpatient oncology patients. Early detection is essential to implement nutritional and physical interventions that improve functionality and quality of life. It is crucial to incorporate its assessment into the comprehensive care approach for cancer patients.