El papel de la morfología oocitaria en la determinación de la competencia embrionaria temprana
Resumen
El complejo proceso del desarrollo, tanto del embrión, del feto como de la placenta, comienza en las primeras fases de la gestación, durante la preimplantación. Sin embargo, el destino del embrión de mamíferos está marcado celular y molecularmente, por una red de señales génicas claves durante el desarrollo del oocito, cuando éste adquiere la competencia para el desarrollo embrionario. Esta nueva progenie se relacionará directamente con la morfogénesis normal del oocito, proceso íntimamente ligado al mapa molecular específico de expresión de proteínas y genes, que dirigen y regulan el desarrollo morfológico normal del oocito. Nuevos marcadores génicos de competencia oocito-embrionaria aportarán la posibilidad de monitoreo de las causas de bajas tasas de embarazo, de la disminución de la fertilidad, de aborto o pérdida temprana de la gestació o de anomalías embrionarias, ocasionadas por múltiples factores, uno de ellos la ingesta materna de alcohol. Esta revisión pretende brindar conocimiento básico acerca del desarrollo morfológico clásico del oocito y del embrión preimplantativo, y acercar un nuevo concepto, amplio y complejo, sobre la relación entre el aspecto morfológico clásico del oocito y del embrión con la “morfología molecular” de la gameta femenina, que determinan la competencia y el destino del embrión en desarrollo. Así, la vinculación entre la morfología oocitaria, la competencia nuclear y marcadores moleculares específicos podrían constituirse en útiles y esenciales herramientas para la determinación del destino embrionario, y con ello, potenciales elementos para el tratamiento de la pérdida temprana de la gestación.
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2017-01-05
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CEBRAL, E. (2017). El papel de la morfología oocitaria en la determinación de la competencia embrionaria temprana. Revista Ciencias Morfológicas, 18(1), 42–67. Recuperado a partir de https://revistas.unlp.edu.ar/Morfol/article/view/2800
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