Distribución de formas nitrogenadas inorgánicas en un humedal receptor de efluentes residuales
Abstract
Los humedales constituyen ambientes de relevancia por los numerosos servicios eco-sistémicos que proveen, tales como la depuración de aguas y la retención y eliminación de nutrientes. En la planicie costera de la Bahı́a Samborombón se desarrollan numerosos humedales que dependen de diversos factores para su funcionamiento hidrológico. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la influencia del aporte antrópico en las relaciones de los compuestos inorgánicos nitrogenados de un humedal afectado por una planta depuradora de efluentes cloacales. Para esto, se generó una red de monitoreo con puntos de muestreo de agua superficial en distintas zonas del humedal, la cual fue relevada en noviembre de 2022, determinándose en las muestras extraı́das las concentraciones de nitrato, nitrito y amonio. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que, si bien el nitrato es el compuesto inorgánico nitrogenado más abundante, el agua proveniente de la planta depuradora de efluentes cloacales, junto con parte de la zona sur del humedal que recibe los vertidos de la misma, contienen mayor proporción de amonio. Sin embargo, se observa que en la dirección del flujo la concentración de amonio va disminuyendo, aumentando la concentración relativa de nitrato y nitrito, hasta que el primero pasa a ser el más abundante, como en el resto del área. Se concluye que el humedal presenta la capacidad de generar transformaciones de oxidación, demostrando la función depuradora del mismo.
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