Micrometeorological advances in Argentina
Keywords:
turbulent fluxes, evapotranspiration, carbon dioxide, eddy covariance, mass and energy balance, surface layerAbstract
In this article, the results obtained through micrometeorological measurements implemented in our country are presented. Using two methodologies for monitoring biometeorological variables, characteristic values and patterns of turbulent fluxes of sensible heat, latent heat, and carbon dioxide exchanged between the contiguous atmosphere and different types of ecosystems were determined. Soil water extraction pattern during a soybean crop cycle in the southeastern Buenos Aires region were identified. A statistical model of the canopy resistance was developed to estimate the actual evapotranspiration for a saline pasture used for livestock grazing, and also to determine an evapotranspiration threshold to limit the irreversible impact of livestock grazing on the floral biodiversity of this environment. Net carbon dioxide sequestration was determined for both the saline pasture and soybean crop. In both cases, uptake rates exceeded those observed in similar environments in the Northern Hemisphere. The results indicate the needs of micrometeorological measurements in our ecosystems to accurately quantify energy and gas exchange rates between the atmosphere and natural or anthropized surfaces. This work identifies guidelines for land use management in our region aimed at maximizing water use efficiency in agricultural activities and protecting or enhancing activities that increase net CO2 sequestration in the atmosphere.
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