Evaluación del método de análogos para simulación de la precipitación diaria en una región de orografía compleja

Autores/as

  • Federico Gomez Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
  • María Laura Bettolli Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24215/1850468Xe031

Palabras clave:

ERA-Interim, downscaling estadístico, Andes centrales, Argentina, Chile

Resumen

Los Modelos Climáticos Globales (GCM) son la principal herramienta disponible para realizar predicciones sobre el clima en escenarios futuros, sin embargo, los mismos presentan un desempeño bajo para reproducir el clima local debido a su resolución espacial limitada. Esta característica se acentúa en regiones de orografía compleja. En el presente trabajo, se exploró la posibilidad de añadir valor agregado al modelado de la precipitación diaria a través de un método estadístico de reducción de escala (downscaling) en la región de los Andes Centrales. Se utilizó la precipitación diaria de 83 estaciones de la región durante el periodo 1981-2015 para calibrar el método de análogos utilizando el reanálisis ERA-Interim. Las series construidas a partir de los modelos de downscaling estadístico mostraron resultados más fidedignos en comparación con datos crudos del reanálisis, especialmente en el cálculo de valores medios y de estadísticos de escala diaria. En líneas generales, los modelos basados en la información de predictores atmosféricos locales obtuvieron un mejor desempeño que los constituidos utilizando la información de gran escala simplificada en base a un análisis de componentes principales. El desempeño de los modelos de downscaling a lo largo del dominio no fue uniforme, obteniéndose mejores resultados en las estaciones chilenas del sector sur. Esto posiblemente fue debido a que el forzante sinóptico dominante es bien capturado por los modelos de downscaling. Los distintos aspectos temporales de la variabilidad de la precipitación (intraanual, interanual y tendencias de largo plazo) fueron hábilmente reproducidos por los modelos estadísticos.

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28-06-2024

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