Evaluación de diferentes estrategias para la generación de sistemas de predicción por conjuntos regionales de escala convectiva en un caso de precipitación intensa
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24215/1850468Xe022Palabras clave:
conjunto, alta resoluci´on, precipitaci´onResumen
El pronóstico por conjuntos constituye una metodología consolidada para incorporar la incertidumbre asociada a los pronósticos en diversas escalas espaciales y temporales. En particular, en la mesoescala, no es claro aún cuáles son las técnicas más efectivas para representar la incertidumbre asociada a las condiciones iniciales y a los errores de modelo. En este trabajo se evalúan tres alternativas diferentes para la generación de pronósticos por conjuntos en alta resolución, y se realiza una comparación con un sistema de predicción por conjuntos global de baja resolución. Cada conjunto se construyó con 20 miembros utilizando el modelo WRF-ARW y 4 km de resolución horizontal sobre un dominio que abarca el centro noreste de Argentina. Se explora el desempeño de los conjuntos para un caso de estudio de precipitación intensa entre el 22 y 24 de diciembre de 2015. Los resultados se centran en el análisis del desempeño del pronóstico de precipitación y muestran que los conjuntos en alta resolución tienen mejor desempeño que el sistema global de menor resolución tanto en términos de la precisión del pronóstico como en términos de la cuantificación de su incertidumbre. En este trabajo, los conjuntos donde solo se perturban las condiciones iniciales y de borde tienden a mostrar una menor dispersión que aquellos en donde se combinan diferentes parametrizaciones de los procesos de escala sub-reticular para la representación de los errores de modelo. Estos ´últimos presentan además un menor sesgo para umbrales mayores a 10 mm. Asimismo, aumentar la resolución de las condiciones iniciales y de borde de la media del ensamble aumenta levemente la dispersión y mejora la representación espacial de los patrones de precipitación para todos los umbrales considerados.
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