Study of the acoustic emission of basaltic rock fracture in uniaxial compression test
Keywords:
basalt, Peteroa volcano, tensile crack, shear crack, acoustic emissionAbstract
Acoustic emission (AE) is a useful phenomenon to study structural materials under varying loading conditions. By linking mechanical behavior with certain AE parameters, information about nucleation processes and crack growth can be obtained. In the monitoring of volcanic structures, the study of elastic waves generated by rock fracture is of interest. In this work, uniaxial compression tests were carried out until rupture in basaltic rocks extracted from the Peteroa volcano in Argentina, and the generated AE was recorded with the aim of understanding the fracture mechanisms and obtaining indicator parameters that allow interpreting the dynamics of rock faults, often under compression. The load, controlled by displacement, was applied in stages of linear increase and others of constant load as a function of time. The amplitude, hits, counts, and accumulated energy were the most representative parameters to evaluate the damage progress in the rock. The predominant fracture mode during each loading stage was measured by a graphical method linking the FM and the RA value. It was calculated that in the initial stages, the predominant mode was tensile, while in the last stage, the number of signals from shear cracks was higher. The b-value was also calculated and found to decrease as the damage and AE energy increased. The results obtained allow a real-time characterization of the rock damage progress.
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