IMPACT OF THE 2020 DROUGHT ON THE LOCAL HYDROLOGICAL REGIME: A HYDROGRAVIMETRIC ANALYSIS
Keywords:
sequías, balance de agua, Gravimetría, Eventos hidrológicos extremosAbstract
En los últimos años, aumentó la frecuencia de los eventos climáticos extremos, provocando cambios en el régimen hidrológico como en las tasas de precipitación, evapotranspiración y recarga de los acuı́feros. El monitoreo de estos eventos resulta fundamental para una gestión eficaz del recurso hı́drico y la mitigación de su impacto. La hidrogravimetrı́a presenta una oportunidad única para tal fin, ya que proporciona valores de las variaciones del almacenamiento de agua de manera integral. En el presente trabajo se analiza el impacto en las componentes de flujo de agua de la ecuación de balance provocado por la sequı́a que afectó a la Provincia de Buenos Aires en el año 2020. Para tal fin, se utilizarán datos hidrometeorológicos y residuos de un gravı́metro superconductor instalado en el Observatorio Argentino-Alemán de Geodesia, Parque Pereyra Iraola, Prov. de Buenos Aires. A partir de este análisis, se observó una notable reducción en los registros de precipitación acumulada anual y un descenso continuo del nivel freático de 1.3 m en el periodo analizado. Además, las tasas de evapotranspiración se sobrestiman utilizando la ecuación de balance hidrológico clásica para un ambiente de llanura. Por lo tanto, se propone introducir un nuevo término a la ecuación de balance que tenga en cuenta la pérdida de agua por flujo regional. A partir de este nuevo enfoque, se estimaron valores de evapotranspiración en 782 mm y la caı́da en la reserva de agua de 281.5 mm utilizando datos de gravedad de alta precisión.
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