Por qué antropólogos y odontólogos deberían trabajar en coordinación para mejorar la salud bucodental (en América Latina)

Cinzia Fornai

doi:10.24215/18536387e081

Autores/as

Cinzia Fornai Vienna School of Interdisciplinary Dentistry-VieSID, Medical University of Vienna, Austria, University of Zurich, Switzerland https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0911-0164

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24215/18536387e081

Palabras clave:

sistema estomatognático, trastornos craneomandibulares, humanos modernos, función, morfología

Resumen

Varios aspectos del sistema craneomandibular deben ser investigados para profundizar nuestra comprensión de las causas próximas y evolutivas de las enfermedades orales más comunes en poblaciones humanas. Las poblaciones de América Central y América del Sur se ven afectadas por una elevada prevalencia de caries y, en general, padecen una salud bucodental deficiente. Por otra parte, tienen un acceso limitado a la atención sanitaria profesional, lo que hace aún más urgente la necesidad de centrar la investigación en estas regiones.

Dada la naturaleza multifactorial de los determinantes que subyacen a las enfermedades bucodentales, y considerando la complejidad del sistema estomatognático, el trabajo interdisciplinar entre antropólogos, odontólogos, especialistas en dolor orofacial, entre otros, parece ser el más adecuado para llevar a cabo investigaciones que aborden las enfermedades bucodentales más comunes y sus posibles efectos funcionales y sociales en el individuo.

Antropólogos y odontólogos comparten un interés común en el sistema craneomandibular, su variación morfológica y sus dolencias, y tradicionalmente han utilizado métodos similares para su investigación. Combinando los diferentes conjuntos de habilidades que poseen, estos profesionales podrían trabajar sinérgicamente para generar conocimientos relevantes que apoyen a las partes interesadas y puedan llegar a los responsables políticos de la atención de la salud bucodental. Su estrecha colaboración ayudaría a identificar los problemas de salud más relevantes, recopilar datos epidemiológicos y comprender sus implicaciones en el bienestar individual, respondiendo así a las necesidades de las poblaciones de estudio y cumpliendo la normativa ética local.

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