Trazando los haplogrupos alóctonos de Perú a través de los marcadores de ADN uniparentales

José R. Sandoval; Pierina Danós; Fabrício R. Santos; Ricardo Fujita

doi:10.24215/18536387e093

Autores/as

José R. Sandoval Universidad de San Martín de Porres, Perú https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2673-4937
Pierina Danós Universidad de San Martín de Porres, Perú https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9093-4303
Fabrício R. Santos Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brasil https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9088-1750
Ricardo Fujita Universidad de San Martín de Porres, Perú https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9617-5109

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24215/18536387e093

Palabras clave:

cromosoma Y, SNPs, STRs, ADNmt, haplogrupo

Resumen

Es conocido que las actuales poblaciones peruanas son el resultado de la contribución de los bagajes genéticos, fundamentalmente de América, Eurasia y África. Asimismo, que el mestizaje inicialmente se dio generalmente entre el varón europeo y la mujer autóctona peruana. Sin embargo, hay pocos estudios relacionados al estudio genético de los haplogrupos alóctonos. Así, usando la combinación de SNPs y STRs del cromosoma Y (herencia patrilineal), el presente estudio traza la inmigración masculina alóctona del periodo poscolombino, y desvela que ese componente constituye cerca del 23% de la población peruana. De esta proporción, se observa que la mayor contribución realizada es por parte del haplogrupo R1b (frecuente en la península ibérica y a lo largo de Europa occidental), seguida de E1b1b (frecuente en norte de África y el Mediterráneo). Igualmente, hay una contribución de otros haplogrupos, aunque en pequeñas proporciones. Nuestros resultados corroboran que la contribución paterna alóctona en el acervo genético peruano es principalmente de las poblaciones europeas y africanas. Por su parte, a través de la secuenciación de la región control del ADN mitocondrial, los datos muestran que en las poblaciones peruanas hay una baja frecuencia de distintos haplogrupos maternos alóctonos (~ 3%) en comparación a la mayor parte del legado prehispánico.

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