Aproximación isotópica a las prácticas de lactancia y destete en tres sitios prehispánicos de Panamá
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24215/18536387e111Palabras clave:
análisis bayesiano, destete, isótopos estables, lactancia, Panamá prehispánicoResumen
El estudio de las prácticas de lactancia y destete presenta un gran potencial en bioarqueología, ya que permite explorar la diversidad transcultural de estas costumbres de crianza y su relación con factores biológicos, socioculturales, ambientales, demográficos y económicos.
Este trabajo representa la primera investigación sobre la alimentación infantil en las poblaciones prehispánicas de Panamá. La muestra incluye 44 individuos de 0 a 9 años y 18 individuos adultos de tres sitios arqueológicos de la región central de Panamá: Cerro Mangote, Sitio Sierra y Cerro Juan Díaz. Estos sitios corresponden a los períodos Cerámico Temprano, Medio y Tardío.
Para analizar los aspectos relacionados a la alimentación infantil, se midieron los isótopos estables de nitrógeno (δ15N) y carbono (δ13C) en colágeno óseo. Los datos isotópicos δ15N se analizaron con el método bayesiano WARN (Reconstrucción de la Edad de Destete mediante Análisis de Isótopos de Nitrógeno [Paquete en R]) para estimar el inicio y fin del destete. También se evaluaron los valores isotópicos δ13C para identificar alimentos complementarios y variaciones dietéticas entre niños y adultos.
Los resultados indican que la introducción de alimentos complementarios ocurrió antes de los seis meses de edad, lo que marca un inicio temprano del proceso de destete. Sin embargo, la duración total del destete varió a lo largo del tiempo, con diferencias observadas entre fases cronológicas, extendiéndose entre 3 y 3,9 años. Estos hallazgos indican un destete precoz, lo cual habría podido reducir los intervalos entre nacimientos y favorecido el crecimiento demográfico durante el período relacionado con estos sitios arqueológicos.
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