Cambios entésicos: pautas metodológicas e interpretación biomecánica
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24215/18536387e127Palabras clave:
biomecánica del esqueleto, cambios esqueléticos relacionados con la actividad, metodología en bioarqueología, osteobiografíaResumen
En antropología biológica, el análisis de los cambios entésicos se utiliza principalmente, pero no exclusivamente, para inferir aspectos biomecánicos vinculados con la actividad física y los hábitos de vida de individuos antiguos y actuales. Sin embargo, la interpretación de estos cambios sigue enfrentando desafíos teóricos y metodológicos. Este artículo propone una revisión crítica del estado actual del conocimiento bioantropológico sobre los cambios entésicos, diferenciando entre entesis fibrosas y fibrocartilaginosas, y examinando su etiología y fiabilidad como indicadores de actividad. Se aborda la relación de la modificación entésica con factores como la edad, el sexo, algunas patologías sistémicas y la actividad física. El artículo revisa la aplicación de los métodos que, hasta la fecha, se consideran los más adecuados para documentar los cambios entésicos en huesos secos, atendiendo a su validación experimental, reproducibilidad y aplicabilidad. Se enfatiza la necesidad de adoptar una aproximación cautelosa, sustentada en evidencia clínica y experimental, que considere la posibilidad de que las alteraciones observadas sean atribuibles tanto al envejecimiento como a procesos patológicos o a la carga mecánica. El artículo propone una serie de pautas para el uso responsable y riguroso de los cambios entésicos en investigaciones bioantropológicas, orientadas tanto a reconstrucciones osteobiográficas como a estudios poblacionales. Finalmente, se identifican nuevas direcciones para la investigación, especialmente en torno al registro estandarizado y los modelos experimentales.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Alizé Lacoste Jeanson, Sébastien VillotteLa RAAB es una revista de acceso abierto tipo diamante. No se aplican cargos para la lectura, el envío de los trabajos ni tampoco para su procesamiento. Asímismo, los autores mantienen el copyright sobre sus trabajos así como también los derechos de publicación sin restricciones.
