Estado del arte de los cambios entesiales en el proceso de identificación personal

María Alejandra Acosta

doi:10.24215/18536387e125

Autores/as

María Alejandra Acosta Investigador independiente https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9370-5971

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24215/18536387e125

Palabras clave:

antropologia forense, entesis fibrocartilaginosas, estandarización, nuevo método de Coímbra

Resumen

El análisis antropológico forense utiliza métodos estandarizados para la estimación del perfil biológico y provee información precisa y relevante en el proceso de identificación personal. Además de ayudar a excluir posibles identidades, las evidencias antropológicas han demostrado en repetidas ocasiones su relevancia probatoria en procesos integrados de identificación. Por otro lado, los cambios en las entesis no han llamado la atención sistemática de antropólogos forenses, principalmente por la etiología multifactorial y la falta de estandarización del registro y del análisis de dichos rasgos. Sin embargo, el creciente entendimiento de la anatomía interna de las entesis y de la relación que tienen los cambios observados en la superficie entesial con los diferentes factores sistémicos y locales permite abrir el debate sobre su potencial dentro de las ciencias forenses. El presente artículo hace una revisión crítica a la literatura científica actual con el objetivo de sintetizar y analizar el uso de cambios entesiales dentro de la práctica antropológica forense. La revisión incluye los parámetros científicos de las evidencias forenses y el estado del arte de los cambios entesiales en la investigación clínica y osteológica. La reflexión conlleva a proponer tres puntos claves que deben lograrse para considerar a los cambios en la superficie entesial como unidades de análisis, teniendo en cuenta los aportes y limitaciones en términos metodológicos y de interpretación.

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