Evaluación de la correlación entre atributos genéticos y apellidos: características de STRs autonómicos en individuos con apellido Mapuche y europeo
Resumen
RESUMEN Uno de los criterios de identificación vigente en los países occidentales es el determinado por el apellido. En ciertas regiones los apellidos pueden asociarse a grupos humanos definidos. Con el objeto de evaluar una posible correlación entre el origen étnico de diversas poblaciones se compararon las características genéticas de individuos cuyos apellidos incluyen elementos lingüísticos Mapuche con otros asociados a un origen europeo. En el presente trabajo se investigaron 168 individuos varones no relacionados, provenientes de las provincias patagónicas de Río Negro y Chubut, seleccionándose en cada provincia un número comparable de individuos con apellido Mapuche y europeo. Se analizaron 15 microsatélites (STRs) autosómicos, ampliamente usados en identificación humana. Los resultados obtenidos indican una diferencia significativa entre el grupo Mapuche y el europeo (Fst: 0.055; p < 0,05). Los resultados de distancias genéticas sugieren que el grupo Mapuche es genéticamente distante de las poblaciones con apellido no aborigen.
ABSTRACT One of the criteria of effective identification in western hemisphere countries is determined by the surname. In certain regions, the first family names (paternal lineage) can be associated to defined human groups. In order to evaluate a possible correlation between the ethnic origin of diverse populations with their genetic characteristics, individuals whose first family names (paternal) included Mapuche linguistic elements were compared against others associated with a European origin. The present work included the study of 168 unrelated male individuals that inhabit the Patagonian provinces of Río Negro and Chubut. The sample was classified in two groups on the basis of their paternal family name: of native or European ancestry. A total of 15 autosomal microsatellites (STRs), widely used in human identification, were analyzed. The obtained results demonstrate significant differences between the Mapuche and European groups (Fst: 0.055; p < 0,05). Genetic distances suggest that the Mapuche group is genetically distant from the populations with non-aboriginal surnames.
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