Evaluación de la vida postcosecha de una nueva fruta nativa -Campomanesia guazumifolia “Sietecapotes”- y la aplicación de un tratamiento térmico para disminuir las pérdidas postcosecha y la ocurrencia de daño por frío

Juan Marcelo Gauna; Rosario Saric; Alejandra Bárcena; Mariela Bayardo; Corina Graciano; Lorenza Costa

Autores/as

Juan Marcelo Gauna Infive (CONICET-UNLP)
Rosario Saric FCAyF-UNLP
Alejandra Bárcena INFIVE CONICET-UNLP, FCAyF-UNLP
Mariela Bayardo INFIVE CONICET-UNLP
Corina Graciano INFIVE CONICET-UNLP, FCAyF-UNLP
Lorenza Costa INFIVE CONICET-UNLP, FCAyF-UNLP

Palabras clave:

productos forestales no madereros, frutos regionales, fisiología postcosecha, bosque atlántico, domesticación

Resumen

“Sietecapotes” (Campomanesia guazumifolia (Cambess.) O. Berg.), es un fruto nativo recientemente incorporado al Código Alimentario Argentino. Se define como fruto tropical de vida postcosecha corta. En este trabajo se analizaron los cambios postcosecha de “Sietecapotes” almacenados a temperatura ambiente y refrigerados. Se determinó el color superficial, la acidez titulable, los sólidos solubles totales y la firmeza de los frutos. Independientemente de la condición de almacenamiento, no se observaron cambios de color superficial y de sólidos solubles asociados con la maduración mientras la acidez aumentó. Los frutos refrigerados acusaron un comportamiento anómalo de firmeza, pardeamiento de la pulpa y ataque fúngico, lo cual sugiere posible daño por frio. Por lo tanto, en un segundo ensayo se evaluó si un tratamiento térmico sería efectivo para disminuir estos síntomas. Se trabajó con frutos desinfectados y tratados por inmersión en agua caliente (55-60°C, 3 minutos) previo a la refrigeración. Los frutos se almacenaron refrigerados y cada 2 días se transfirieron muestras a temperatura ambiente para evaluar daño por frío. Los frutos tratados térmicamente resultaron más firmes, presentaron menos daño y menor pérdida de electrolitos respecto a los controles. El tratamiento térmico mejoró los posibles síntomas de daño por frío evaluados.

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