E. coli Enterohemorrágica: factores de virulencia e infección en el ganado
Palabras clave:
EHEC, E. coli O157:H7, factores de virulencia, ganado bovino, colonizaciónResumen
Las cepas de E. coli enterohemorrágica (EHEC) constituyen un subgrupo de las E. coli verotoxigénicas (VTEC) o E. coli productoras de toxinas Shiga (Stx) (STEC). Dentro de este grupo, E. coli O157:H7 es el serotipo productor de Stx más conocido. Las cepas de EHEC producen colitis hemorrágica y el síndrome urémico hemolítico en humanos. Al igual que las cepas enteropatogénicas de E. coli (EPEC), estas cepas median su patogénesis a través de lesiones de "adherencia y destrucción" (lesión A/E). El ganado bovino es el principal reservorio de E. coli O157:H7 y se lo asocia directamente a la mayoría de los brotes en humanos. En esta revisión se analizan los factores de virulencia involucrados en la patogénesis de las cepas EHEC, especialmente aquellos que participan en la colonización de la mucosa intestinal de los bovinos.
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