Degenerative joint changes of the thoracic spine with respect to sex and age

Kelsey Bagwell; Frank L'Engle Williams

doi:10.24215/18536387e054

Autores/as

Kelsey Bagwell Department of Anthropology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, USA https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5522-6520
Frank L'Engle Williams Department of Anthropology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, USA https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3649-3989

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24215/18536387e054

Palabras clave:

vértebras, porosidad, osteofitosis, eburnación, osteoartritis

Resumen

La columna vertebral torácica manifiesta cambios degenerativos por envejecimiento, obesidad, actividad repetitiva y estrés ocupacional, aunque las diferencias por sexo son poco conocidas. Examinamos si existen diferencias en la expresión de los cambios articulares degenerativos en las vértebras torácicas en mujeres y hombres con respecto a la edad. Los dos grupos de edad incluidos en el análisis corresponden a adultos maduros entre 50 y 55 años y entre 70 y 75 años pertenecientes a la colección osteológica William M. Bass de la Universidad de Tennessee, Knoxville (EEUU). El primer intervalo representa el inicio del declive esqueletal, mientras que el segundo está relacionado con una movilidad reducida y un aumento en el dolor articular. Se examinaron macroscópicamente las vértebras torácicas de 99 individuos (52 mujeres y 47 hombres) en las articulaciones superiores e inferiores de los cuerpos y en las zigapófisis, relevando la presencia de osteofitos, porosidad y eburnación según el sistema de puntuación no métrico de Buikstra y Ubelaker (1994). Tanto los individuos femeninos como los masculinos de mayor edad presentan una mayor severidad en los cambios degenerativos que los adultos mayores, y para los hombres el grado de osteofítos fue extremo. Para los adultos mayores, los hombres presentan una mayor severidad de osteofítos, extensión de osteofítos, porosidad y extensión de la porosidad, que las mujeres. Sin embargo, las mujeres presentan un mayor grado de eburnación, particularmente en las vértebras torácicas inferiores. Cuando se comparan los adultos mayores, los hombres expresan un mayor grado de osteofitosis, extensión de osteofitos y extensión de la porosidad, que las mujeres. Al igual que sus contrapartes de mayor edad, las mujeres adultas maduras muestran evidencia de una mayor severidad en eburnación que los hombres, lo que sugiere que la alteración del perfil hormonal asociada con el cese reproductivo de las mujeres, así como el estrés ocupacional, pueden afectar el deterioro de los discos intervertebrales, particularmente en el esqueleto torácico inferior.

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