Occlusal wear in humans: Anthropological perspective

Andrea Cucina

doi:10.24215/18536387e080

Autores/as

Andrea Cucina Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, México https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7280-5591

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24215/18536387e080

Palabras clave:

desgaste dental, bioarqueología, dieta, plano helicoidal, uso masticatorio y extramasticatorio

Resumen

El desgaste oclusal ha sido parte del camino evolutivo del ser humano desde que apareció el género Homo. Desde una perspectiva antropológica, y pese a las limitaciones objetivas que conlleva el estudio del desgaste dental, su análisis es de suma importancia para la estimación de la edad de muerte, para hacer inferencias sobre la dieta, sobre el modo en que los alimentos eran preparados y procesados, y sobre el uso cultural de los dientes como tercera mano en actividades extramasticatorias. Su estudio, además, permite reconstruir el modo en que el desgaste ha ido evolucionando debido a los cambios evolutivos que han caracterizado al ser humano desde la revolución Neolítica y la introducción de la agricultura, hasta la Revolución Industrial en tiempos más recientes. Esta breve reseña se centra en el estudio del desgaste oclusal desde la perspectiva antropológica y bioarqueológica. Discute su importancia y relevancia para reconstruir y entender las sociedades del pasado, sus ventajas y limitaciones en el estudio de restos esqueléticos humanos, y cómo diferentes campos de estudio, de la odontología a la antropología dental/bioarqueología, se enfocan en su estudio desde perspectivas diferentes que no siempre se sobreponen, pero que pueden beneficiarse entre sí de un acercamiento multidisciplinario.

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