Monitoreo de hormonas en el campo: metodos y aplicaciones en ecologia reproductiva humana
Abstract
RESUMEN El estudio de la ecología reproductiva humana se ha expandido exponencialmente en la última década. Esto se debe, en parte, a los nuevos avances tecnológicos que permiten el análisis de las muestras biológicas recogidas por medio de métodos simples, poco invasivos y relativamente económicos. Estas características los hacen logísticamente apropiados para el campo y la investigación a mediana y gran escala, aún en zonas geográficas alejadas o aisladas. Se presenta una descripción de los métodos y técnicas que se pueden utilizar para estimar concentraciones hormonales a nivel poblacional. Los métodos y las técnicas de recolección que aquí se describen incluyen muestras de sangre seca sobre papel de filtro, de orina y de saliva. La recolección de muestras biológicas en la investigación científica presenta complejos dilemas éticos. Se enfatiza la necesidad de capacitar a la población local y de transmitir la información adquirida a la comunidad que ha participado en el estudio.
ABSTRACT The study of human reproductive ecology has expanded exponentially in the last decade. This expansion was due in part to the recent technological advances that are making possible the analysis of biological samples collected using simple, minimally invasive, and relatively inexpensive methods. These features make them logistically appropriate for field and population-based research, even in remote or isolated areas. An overview of methods and techniques that could be used for estimating hormonal levels in large-scale population studies were showed in the present study. Sample collection methods and several techniques were reviewed in this paper, which included blood spots and urine, and saliva samples. The collection of biological samples is associated with serious ethical concerns. It was emphasized the need for increasing capacity in local people building, as well as to increase information transfer to the people which participated in such kind of studies.
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Carreiro-Lewandowsky E (2002) Newborn screening: an overview. Clin. Lab. Sci. 115:229-238.
Cho S-I, Goldman MB, Ryan LM, Chen C, Damokosh AI, Christiani DC, Lasley BL, O’Connor JF, Wilcox AJ y Xu X (2002) Reliability of serial urine HCG as a biomarker to detect early pregnancy loss. Hum. Reprod. 17:1060-1066.
Clague A y Thomas A (2002) Neonatal biochemical screening for disease. Clin. Chim. Acta 315:99-110.
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Ellison PT y Panter-Brick C (1996) Salivary testosterone levels among Tamang and Kami males of central Nepal. Hum. Biol. 68:955-965.
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Bribiescas RG (2005) Age-related differences in serum gonadotropin (FSH and LH), salivary testosterone, and 17-B estradiol levels among Ache Amerindian males of Paraguay. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 127:114-121.
Campbell KL (1994) Blood, urine, saliva and dip-sticks: experiences in Africa, New Guinea, and Boston. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 709:312-330.
Campbell KL y Wood JW (1994) Introduction: What is human reproductive ecology, and why should we care about studying it? Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 709:1-8.
Carreiro-Lewandowsky E (2002) Newborn screening: an overview. Clin. Lab. Sci. 115:229-238.
Cho S-I, Goldman MB, Ryan LM, Chen C, Damokosh AI, Christiani DC, Lasley BL, O’Connor JF, Wilcox AJ y Xu X (2002) Reliability of serial urine HCG as a biomarker to detect early pregnancy loss. Hum. Reprod. 17:1060-1066.
Clague A y Thomas A (2002) Neonatal biochemical screening for disease. Clin. Chim. Acta 315:99-110.
Creed-Kanashiro H, Ore B, Scurrah M, Gil A y Penny A (2005) Conducting research in developing countries: experiences of the informed consent process from community studies in Peru. J. Nutr. 135:925-928.
Denari JH, Farinati Z, Casas PR y Oliva A (1981) Determination of ovarian function using first morning urine steroid assays. Obstet. Gynecol. 58:5-9.
Eaton SB, Pike MC, Short RV, Lee NC, Trussel J, Hatcher RA, Wood JW, Worthman CM, Jones NGB, Konner MJ, Hill KR, Bailey R y Hurtado AM (1994) Women’s reproductive cancers in evolutionary context. Quart. Rev. Biol. 69:354-367.
Ellison PT (1988) Human salivary steroids: methodological considerations and applications in Physical Anthropology. Ybk. Phys. Anthropol. 31:115-142.
Ellison PT (1990) Human ovarian function and reproductive ecology: new hypotheses. Am. Anthropol. 92:933-952.
Ellison PT (1993) Measurements of salivary progesterone. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 694:161-176.
Ellison PT (1994) Advances in human reproductive ecology. Ann. Rev. Anthrop. 23:225-275.
Ellison PT (2001) On Fertile Ground: A Natural History of Human Reproduction. Cambridge, Harvard University Press.
Ellison PT y Panter-Brick C (1996) Salivary testosterone levels among Tamang and Kami males of central Nepal. Hum. Biol. 68:955-965.
Ellison PT, Lipson SF y Meredith M (1989) Salivary testosterone levels in males from the Ituri Forest, Zaire. J. Hum. Biol. 1:21-24.
Ellison PT, Peacock NR y Lager C (1986) Salivary progesterone and luteal function in two low-fertility populations of Northeast Zaire. Hum. Biol. 58:473-483.
Ellison PT, Bribiescas RG, Bentley GR, Campbell BC, Lipson SF, Panter-Brick C y Hill K (2002) Population variation in age-related decline in male salivary testosterone. Hum. Reprod. 17:3251-3253.
Ellison PT, Lipson SF, O’Rourke MT, Bentley GR, Harrigan AM, Panter-Brick C y Vitzthum VJ (1993) Population variation in ovarian function. Lancet 342:433-434.
ESHRE Capri Workshop Group (2004) Hormones and breast cancer. Hum. Reprod. Update 10:281-293.
Ferguson DB (1984) Steroid Hormones in Saliva. Basel, Karger.
Gozansky WS, Lynn JS, Laudenslager ML y Kohrt WM (2005) Salivary cortisol determined by enzyme immunoassay is preferable to serum total cortisol for assessment of dynamic hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity. Clin. Endocrin. 63:336-341.
Groschl M, Rauh M y Dorr H-G (2003) Circadian rhythm of salivary cortisol, 17{alpha}-hydroxyprogesterone, and progesterone in healthy children. Clin. Chem. 49:1688-1691.
Groschl M, Rauh M, Schmid P y Dorr H-G (2000) Relationship between salivary progesterone 17-hydroxyprogesterone, and cortisol levels throughout the normal menstrual cycle of healthy postmenarcheal girls. Fert. Ster. 76:615-617.
Gutteling BM, de Weerth C y Buitelaar JK (2004) Maternal prenatal stress and 4-6 year old children’s salivary cortisol concentrations pre- and post-vaccination. Stress 7:257-260.
Herrington CJ, Olomu IN y Geller SM (2004) Salivary cortisol as indicators of pain in preterm infants: a pilot study. Clin. Nurs. Res. 13:53-68.
Hill KR y Hurtado AM (1996) Ache Life History: The Ecology and Demography of a Foraging People. New York, Aldine de Gruyter.
Hofman LF, Foley TP, Henry JJ y Naylor EW (2003) Assays for thyroid-stimulating hormone using dried blood spotted filter paper specimens to screen for hypothyroidism in older children and adults. J. Med. Screen. 10:5-10.
Hofman LF, Foley TP, Henry JJ y Naylor EW (2004) The use of filter paper-dried blood spots for thyroid-antibody screening in adults. J. Lab. Clin. Med. 144:307-312.
Holman DJ y Wood JW (2001) Pregnancy loss and fecundability in women. En Ellison PT (ed): Reproductive Ecology and Human Evolution. New York, Aldine de Gruyter, pp.15-38.
Holman DJ, Grimes MA, Achterberg JT, Brindle E y O’Connor KA (2006) Distribution of postpartum amenorrhea in rural Bangladeshi women. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 129:609-619.
Hurtado AM y Salzano FM (2004) Lost Paradises and the Ethics of Research and Publication. New York, Oxford University Press.
Jasienska G y Thune I (2001) Lifestyle, hormones, and risk, of breast cancer. Br. Med. J. 322:586-587.
Jasienska G, Thune I y Ellison PT (2000) Energetic factors, ovarian steroids and the risk of breast cancer. Eur. J. Cancer Prev. 9:231-239.
Kahn J (2005) Informed consent in the context of communities. J. Nutr. 135:918-920.
Kirschbaum C y Hellhammer DH (1994) Salivary cortisol in psychoneuroendocrine research: recent developments and applications. Psychoneuroend. 19:313-333.
Kivlighan KT, Granger DA y Schwartz EB (2005) Blood contamination and the measurement of salivary progesterone and estradiol. Horm. Behav. 47(3):367-370.
Knott C (2005) Radioimmunoassay of estrone conjugates from urine dried of filter paper. Am. J. Prim. 67:121-135.
Lasley BL, Lohstroh P, Kuo A, Gold EB, Eskenazi B, Samuels SJ, Stewart DR y Overstreet JW (1995) Laboratory methods for evaluating early pregnancy loss in an industry-based population. Am. J. Ind. Med. 28:771-781.
Leslie PW, Campbell KL y Little MA (1993) Pregnancy loss in nomadic and settled women in Turkana, Kenya: A prospective study. Hum. Biol. 65:237-254.
Li H, Chen J, Overstreet JW, Nakajima ST y Lasley BL (2002) Urinary folliclestimulating hormone peak as a biomarker for estimating the day of ovulation. Fert. Ster. 77:961-966.
Lipson SF y Ellison PT (1989) Development of protocols for the application of salivary steroid analyses to field conditions. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 1:249-255.
Lohstroh PN, Overstreet JW, Stewart DR, Nakajima ST, Cragun JR, Boyers SP y Lasley BL (2005) Secretion and excretion of human chorionic gonadotropin during early pregnancy. Fert. Ster. 83:1000-1011.
Lukas WD, Campbell BC y Campbell KL (2005) Urinary cortisol and muscle mass in Turkana men. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 17:489-495.
Lukas WD, Campbell BC y Ellison PT (2004) Testosterone, aging, and body composition in men from Harare, Zimbabwe. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 16:704-712.
Lukacs Z, Dietrich A, Ganschow R, Kohlschutter A y Kruithof R (2005) Simultaneous determination of HIV antibodies, hepatitis C antibodies, and hepatitis B antigens in dried blood spots-a feasibility study using a multi-analyze immunoassay. Clin. Chem. Lab. Med. 43:141-145.
Luo W, Yang H, Rathbun K, Pau C-P y Ou C-Y (2005) Detection of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 DNA in dried blood spots by a duplex real-time PCR assay. J. Clin. Microbiol. 43:1851-1857.
McDade TW, Burhop J y Dohnal J (2004) High-sensitivity enzyme immunoassay for C-reactive protein in dried blood spots. Clin. Chem. 50:652-654.
McDade TW, Leonard WR, Burhop J, Reyes-García V, Vadez V, Huanca T y Godoy RA (2005) Predictors of C-reactive protein in Tsimane’ 2 to 15 yearolds in lowland Bolivia. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 128:906-913.
Mendy M, Kirk GD, van der Sande M, Jeng-Barry A, Lesi OA, Hainaut P, Sam O, McConkey S y Whittle H (2005) Hepatitis B surface antigenaemia and alphafoetoprotein detection from dried blood spots: applications to field-based studies and to clinical care in hepatitis B virus endemic areas. J. Viral Hepat. 12:642-647.
Metcalf MG, Evans JJ y Mackenzie JA (1984) Indices of ovulation: comparison of plasma and salivary levels of progesterone with urinary pregnanediol. J. Endocrinol. 100:75-80.
Munro CJ, Stabenfeldt GH, Cragun JR, Addiego LA, Overstreet JW y Lasley BL (1991) Relationship of serum estradiol and progesterone concentrations to the excretion profiles of their major urinary metabolites as measured by enzyme immunoassay and radioimmunoassay. Clin. Chem. 37:838-844.
Nepomnaschy PA, Welch K, McConnell D, Strassmann BI y England BG (2004) Stress and female reproductive function: A study of daily variations in cortisol, gonadotrophins, and gonadal steroids in a rural Mayan population. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 16:523-532.
Nielsen MS, Barton SD, Hatasaka HH y Stanford JB (2001) Comparison of several one-step home urinary luteinizing hormone detection test kits to OvuQuick® Fert. Ster. 76:384-387.
O’Connor KA, Brindle E, Holman DJ, Klein NA, Soules MR, Campbell KL, Kohen F, Munro CJ, Shofer JB, Lasley BL y Wood JW (2003) Urinary estrone conjugate and Pregnanediol 3-Glucuronide enzyme immunoassays for population research. Clin. Chem. 49:1139-1148.
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2010-09-21
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Valeggia, C. R. (2010). Monitoreo de hormonas en el campo: metodos y aplicaciones en ecologia reproductiva humana. Revista Argentina De Antropología Biológica, 9(2), 145–164. Retrieved from https://revistas.unlp.edu.ar/raab/article/view/252
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