Rasgos no-métricos en el esqueleto humano: una revisión
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24215/18536387e102Palabras clave:
análisis de parentesco, anatomía esquelética, marcadores de actividad, osteoarqueología, variantes anatómicasResumen
Los rasgos no-métricos pueden observarse en los dientes, el cráneo o el esqueleto postcraneal, e incluyen variaciones anatómicas de muy diversos tipos. Inicialmente se consideró que la mayor parte de estos rasgos —sobre todo los craneales— tenían un carácter genético, pero pronto se vio que muchos de ellos eran adquiridos, reflejando el haber desarrollado una cierta actividad o haber adoptado ciertas posturas (por ejemplo, en cuclillas) durante largos períodos. Las combinaciones de dos o más rasgos no-métricos en un mismo individuo (o incluso en un mismo hueso) es un hallazgo de máximo interés, ya que la presencia de estas variaciones en enterramientos del pasado nos informa no solo acerca de las actividades realizadas en vida, sino también sobre las relaciones (gremiales o familiares) entre individuos agrupados en sitios concretos de un cementerio, o sometidos a un tipo de inhumación determinado. Es destacable que estas combinaciones de variaciones también pueden facilitar la identificación de relaciones, incluso en contextos revueltos. En este trabajo, revisamos el conocimiento actual de estos rasgos desde una perspectiva osteoarqueológica.
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