Reflexiones sobre la explicación evolutiva en ciencias cognitivas: El origen de la cognición social humana como estudio de caso
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17139/raab.19.1.15Resumo
Desde el planteamiento original de la teoría de la selección natural por Charles Darwin, han sido múltiples las disciplinas científicas que han incluido explicaciones evolutivas en sus dominios de investigación. Sin embargo, es común encontrar una adhesión íntegra e irrevocable a las ideas de la síntesis evolutiva moderna en estas disciplinas, particularmente en las ciencias humanas y cognitivas que se sustentan biológicamente. En este trabajo se presentará una discusión breve sobre las posibles falencias que los argumentos evolutivos tradicionales presentan a la hora de construir hipótesis sobre la evolución social humana. En un primer momento, fue relevante el planteamiento de un mecanismo diferencial, adquirido como adaptación cognitiva, que permitía al ser humano representar los estados mentales de otros individuos y con base en ello predecir su comportamiento. Avanzaremos en la explicación del comportamiento social sugiriendo más alternativas explicativas que surgen de la crítica a la tradición adaptacionista y genética en ciencias biológicas, y al individualismo metodológico de las ciencias cognitivas. Se discutirá de forma breve y comprimida en qué medida los estudios sobre la crianza cooperativa parecen mostrar una relación entre este fenómeno natural de parentalidad y la emergencia de conductas sociales sofisticadas que posee el género humano desde etapas tempranas del desarrollo, y que el resto de ejemplares homínidos existentes sólo desarrolla dependiendo de complejas variables ambientales. Sistemas de desarrollo donde convergen herencias morfológicas, capacidades motoras y factores socio-ecológicos, serían el escenario explicativo ideal para los cuestionamientos revisados.
Downloads
Métricas
Referências
Amundson R. 2005. The changing role of the embryo in evolutionary thought: roots of evo-devo. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/cbo9781139164856
Andrade E. 2009. La ontogenia del pensamiento evolutivo. Bogotá: Editorial Universidad Nacional de Colombia.
Avital E, Jablonka E. 2000. Animal traditions: Behavioural inheritance in evolution. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/cbo9780511542251.
Baldwin JM. 1896. A new factor in evolution. Amer Nat 536-553. doi:10.1086/276428
Baron-Cohen S. 1997. Mindblindness: An essay on autism and theory of mind. Boston: MIT press.
Bates E. 1976. Language and context. New York: Academic Press.
Bates E, Camaioni L, Volterra V. 1975. The acquisition of performatives prior to speech. Merrill-Palmer Q 21(3):205-226.
Bennett M. y Hacker PMS. 2003. Philosophical foundations of neuroscience. Malden: Blackwell Publishing.
Bretherton I., Beeghly M. 1982. Talking about
14 Carpenter M, Nagell K, Tomasello M, Butterworth G, Moore C. 1998. Social cognition, joint attention, and communicative competence from 9 to 15 months of age. Monog Soc Res Child Dev i-174. doi:10.2307/1166214
Carruthers P, Smith PK, editores. 1996. Theories of theories of mind. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511597985
Darwin C. 1982. El origen de las especies (Vol. 38). Madrid: Edaf.
De Jaegher H, Di Paolo E. 2007. Participatory sense-making: An enactive approach to social cognition. Phenomenol Cogn Sci 6:485–507. doi:10.1007/s11097-007-9076-9
Di Paolo EA, Rohde M, De Jaegher H. 2010. Horizons for the enactive mind: Values, social interaction, and play. En: Stewart JR, Gapenne O, Di Paolo EA, editores. Enaction: Toward a new paradigm for cognitive science. Cambridge: MIT Press. doi:10.7551/mitpress/9780262014601.003.0003. p 33-87.
Donald M. 1991. Origins of the modern mind: Three stages in the evolution of culture and cognition. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Fantasia V, De Jaegher H, Fasulo A. 2014. We can work it out: an enactive look at cooperation. Front Psychol 5. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00874
Fragaszy DM, Perry S. 2008. The biology of traditions: models and evidence. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Froese T, Gallagher S. 2012. Getting interaction theory (IT) together: Integrating developmental, phenomenological, enactive and dynamical approaches to social interaction. Interact Stud 13:436 468. doi:10.1075/is.13.3.06fro
Gallagher S, Hutto D. 2008. Understanding others through primary interaction and narrative practice. En: Zlatev J, Racine T, Sinha C, Itkonen E, editores. The shared mind: Perspectives on intersubjectivity. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. p17-38. doi:10.1075/celcr.12.04gal.
Gallagher S, Povinelli D. 2012. Enactive and behavioral abstraction accounts of social understanding in chimpanzees, infants, and adults. Rev Phil Psych 3:145-169. doi:10.1007/s13164-012-0093-4.
Gallese V, Cuccio V. 2015. The paradigmatic body. Open MIND 1-23.
Gallese V, Goldman A. 1998. Mirror neurons and the simulation theory of mind-reading. Trends Cogn Sci 2:493-501. doi:10.1016/S1364-6613(98)01262-5
Gallese V, Rochat M, Cossu G, Sinigaglia C. 2009. Motor cognition and its role in the phylogeny and ontogeny of action understanding. Dev Psychol 45(1):103-113. doi:10.1037/a0014436
García Azkonobieta T. 2005. Evolución, desarrollo y (auto) organización. Un estudio sobre los principios filosóficos de la evo-devo. (Tesis doctoral, Universidad delPaís Vasco).
González Recio JL. 2004. Teorías de la vida. Madrid: Síntesis.
Gould SJ, Lewontin RC. 1979. The spandrels of San Marco and the Panglossian paradigm: a critique of the adaptationist programme. Proc R Soc Lond B Bio 205:581-598.doi:10.1098/rspb.1979.0086
Hare B, y Tomasello M. 1999. Domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) use human and conspecific social cues to locate hidden food. J Comp Psychol 113(2):173-177. doi:10.1037/0735-7036.113.2.173
Hare B, Tomasello M. 2005. Human-like social skills in dogs?. Trends Cogn Sci 9(9):439-444. doi:10.1016/j.tics.2005.07.003
Hawkes K, y Coxworth JE. 2015. Grandmothers and the evolution of human sociality. Emerging trends in the social and behavioral sciences: an interdisciplinary, searchable, and linkable resource. Wiley Online Library. doi:10.1002/9781118900772
Hrdy SB. 2009. Mothers and others: The evolutionary origins of mutual understanding. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Hutto DD. 2012. Folk psychological narratives: The sociocultural basis of understanding reasons. Cambridge: MIT Press.
Kellogg WN, Kellogg L. 1933. The ape and the child: A study of environmental influence upon early behavior. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Kirchhofer K, Zimmermann F, Kaminski J, Tomasello M. 2012. Dogs (Canis familiaris), but not Chimpanzees(Pan troglodytes). Understand imperative pointing. PLoS ONE 7(2). doi:e30913. 10.1371/journal.pone.0030913
Laland KN, Uller T, Feldman MW, Sterelny K, Müller GB, Moczek A, Odling-Smee J. 2015. The extended evolutionary synthesis: its structure, assumptions and predictions. Proc R Soc Lond B Bio 282(1813):20151019. doi:10.1098/rspb.2015.1019
Leavens DA. 2004. Manual deixis in apes and humans. Interact Stud 5:387-408.
Leavens DA. 2014. The plight of the sense-making ape. En: Cappuccio M, Froese T, editores. Enactive cognition at the edge of sense-making. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. doi:10.1057/9781137363367_4
Leavens DA, Hopkins WD, Bard KA. 1996. Indexical and referential pointing in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). J Comp Psychol 110(4):346-353. doi:10.1037/0735-7036.110.4.346
Leavens DA, Hopkins WD, Bard KA. 2005. Understanding the point of chimpanzee pointing: Epigenesis and ecological validity. Curr Dir Psychol Sci 14:185-189. doi:10.1111/j.0963-7214.2005.00361.x
Leavens DA, Hopkins WD, Bard KA. 2008. The heterochronic origins of explicit reference. En: Zlatev J, Racine, TP, Sinha C, Itkonen E, editores. The shared mind: Perspectives on intersubjectivity. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing.
Leavens DA, Hopkins WD, Thomas, RK. 2004. Referential communication by chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). J Comp Psychol 118(1):48-57. doi:10.1037/0735-7036.118.1.48
Leavens DA, Bard KA, Hopkins WD. 2010. Bizarre chimpanzees do not represent “the chimpanzee”. Behav Brain Sci 33(2-3):100-101. doi:10.1017/S0140525X10000166
Legerstee M. 2005. Infants’ sense of people: precursors to a theory of mind. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511489747
Legerstee M, Barillas Y. 2003. Sharing attention and pointing to objects at 12 months: is the intentional stance implied?. Cogn Dev 18(1):91-110. doi:10.1016/S0885-2014(02)00165-X
Legerstee M, Varghese J. 2001. The role of maternal affect mirroring on social expectancies in three-month-old infants. Child Dev 72(5):1301-1313. doi:10.1111/1467-8624.00349
Legerstee M, Markova G, Fisher T. 2007. The role of maternal affect attunement in dyadic and triadic communication. Inf Behav Dev 30(2):296-306. doi:10.1016/j.infbeh.2006.10.003
Leroi-Gourhan A. 1993. Gesture and speech. Cambridge: MIT Press.
Leslie AM. 1987. Pretense and representation: The origins of theory of mind. Psychol Rev 94:412–426. doi:10.1037/0033-295X.94.4.412
Leslie AM. 1994a. Pretending and believing: Issues in the theory of ToMM. Cognition 50(1):211-238. doi:10.1016/0010-0277(94)90029-9
Leslie AM. 1994b. ToMM, ToBy, and agency: Core architecture and domain specificity. En: Hirschfeld L, Gelman S, editores. Mapping the mind: Domain specificity in cognition and culture. New York: Cambridge University Press. p 119– 148. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511752902.006.
Lewontin RC. 2001. The triple helix: Gene, organism, and environment. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. Malafouris L. 2013. How things shape the mind. Cambridge: MIT Press.
Meltzoff AN, y Moore MK. 1977. Imitation of facial and manual gestures by human neonates. Sci 198(4312):75-78. doi:10.1126/science.198.4312.75
Mivart GJS. 1871. On the genesis of species. London: Macmillan.
Moore R. 2013. Evidence and interpretation in great ape gestural communication. Humana. Mente. 24: 27-51.
Moore R, Call J, Tomasello M. 2015. Production and comprehension of gestures between orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus) in a referential communication game. PloS one 10(6), e0129726. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0129726
Murray L, Trevarthen C. 1986. The infant’s role in mother–infant communications. J Child Lang 13(01):15-29. doi:10.1017/S0305000900000271
Oyama S. 2000a. Evolution’s eye: A systems view of the biology-culture divide. Durham: Duke University Press. doi:10.1215/9780822380658
Oyama S. 2000b. The Ontogeny of Information: Developmental Systems and Evolution. Durham: Duke University Press. doi:10.1215/9780822380665
Oyama S, Griffiths PE, Gray RD. 2003. Cycles of contingency: Developmental systems and evolution. Cambridge: MIT Press.
Pelé M, Dufour V, Thierry B, Call J. 2009. Token transfers among great apes (Gorilla gorilla, Pongo pygmaeus, Pan paniscus, and Pan troglodytes): species differences, gestural requests, and reciprocal exchange. J Comp Psychol 123(4):375-384. doi:10.1037/a0017253
Pigliucci MM. 2010. Evolution-the extended synthesis. Cambridge: MIT Press.
Pika S, Mitani J. 2006. Referential gestural communication in wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). Curr Biol 16(6):191-192. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2006.02.037
Premack D, Woodruff G. 1978. Does the chimpanzee have a theory of mind?. Behav Brain Sci 1(04):515-526. doi:10.1017/S0140525X00076512
Racine T, Leavens D, Susswein N, Wereha T. 2008.Conceptual and methodological issues in the investigation of primate in-tersubjectivity. En: Morganti F, Carassa A, Riva G, editores. Enacting intersubjectivity: A cognitive and social perspective on the study of interactions. Amsterdam: IOS Press. p 65–80.
Racine T, Wereha T, Leavens D. 2012. Primates, motion and emotion: To what extent nonhuman primates are intersubjective and why. En: Foolen A, Lüdtke M, Racine T, Zlatev J, editores. Moving ourselves, moving others: Motion and emotion in intersubjectivity, consciousness and language. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company. p 221-242. doi:10.1075/ceb.6.09rac.
Reddy V. 2008. How infants know minds. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Reddy V, Morris P. 2004. Participants don’t need theories knowing minds in engagement. Theor Psychol 14(5):647-665. doi:10.1177/0959354304046177.
Rizzolatti G, Sinigaglia C. 2008. Mirrors in the brain: How our minds share actions and emotions. New York: Oxford University Press.
Rochat P. 2009. Others in Mind. Social origins of selfconsciousness. New York: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511812484
Rochat P. 2015. Origins of Possession. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Rolian C, Lieberman DE, Hallgrímsson B. 2010. The coevolution of human hands and feet. Evol 64(6):1558-1568.
Savage-Rumbaugh ES. 1986. Ape language: from conditioned response to symbol. New York: Columbia University Press.
Savage-Rumbaugh ES, Rumbaugh DM, Boysen S. 1978. Symbolic communication between two chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). Sci 201(4356):641-644. doi:10.1126/science.675251
Savage-Rumbaugh S, Shanker SG, Taylor TJ. 1998. Apes, language, and the human mind. New York: Oxford University Press.
Susswein N, Racine TP. 2008. Sharing mental states. En: Zlatev J, Racine, TP, Sinha C, Itkonen E, editores. The shared mind: Perspectives on intersubjectivity. Amstetrdam: John Benjamins Publishing.
Tomasello M. 1999. The cultural origins of human cognition. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Tomasello M. 2009. Why we cooperate. Cambridge: MIT press.
Tomasello M. 2014. A natural history of human thinking. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. doi:10.4159/9780674726369
Tomasello M, Carpenter M, Call J, Behne T, Moll H. 2005. Understanding and sharing intentions: the origins of cultural cognition. Behav Brain Sci 28:675–735. doi:10.1017/S0140525X05000129
Trevarthen C. 1979. Communication and cooperation in early infancy: A description of primary intersubjectivity. En: M. Bullowa, editor. Before speech, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p 321-348.
Trevarthen C, Hubley P. 1978. Secondary intersubjectivity: Confidence, confiding and acts of meaning in the first year. En: Lock A, editor. Action, gesture and symbol: The emergence of language. London: Academic. p 183-229.
Veà J, Sabater-Pi J. 1998. Spontaneous pointing behaviour in the wild pygmy chimpanzee (Pan paniscus). Folia Primatol 69(5):289-290. doi:10.1159/000021640
Waddington CH. 1962. New patterns in genetics and development. New York: Columbia University Press
Wereha TJ, Racine TP. 2012. Evolution, development, and human social cognition. Rev Philos Psychol 3:559-579. doi:10.1007/s13164-012-0115-2
Whiten A. 2012. Culture evolves. New York: Oxford University Press.
Wimmer H, Perner J. 1983. Beliefs about beliefs: Representation and constraining function of wrong beliefs in young children’s understanding of deception. Cognition 13:103–128. doi:10.1016/0010-0277(83)90004-5
Yáñez-Canal J. 2004. La estrategia de la reina roja. La discusión biológica sobre la evolución y el progreso y sus implicaciones para la psicología. Diálogos 3. Discusiones contemporáneas en la Psicología. Universidad Nacional de Colombia.
Zlatev J, Persson T, Gärdenfors P. 2005. Bodily mimesis as “the missing link” in human cognitive evolution. LUCS 121.
Downloads
Publicado
Como Citar
Edição
Seção
Licença
O RAAB é um periódico de acesso aberto do tipo diamante. Não há cobrança pela leitura, envio ou processamento da obra. Da mesma forma, os autores mantêm os direitos autorais de suas obras, bem como os direitos de publicação sem restrições.