Marcado de insectos para estudios biológicos

Autores/as

  • Márcio Martins de Araujo IPEN/USP
  • Fernando Javier Sanhueza Salas Instituto Biológico de São Paulo
  • Valter Arthur Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura (CENA/USP)

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24215/16699513e093

Palabras clave:

radioisótopos, isótopos estables, eligoelementos, dispersión, comportamiento

Resumen

La técnica de marcado permite estudiar el comportamiento y las interacciones ecológicas de los insectos, como patrones de dispersión, movimiento, territorialidad, manipulación, consumo de alimentos, asociaciones vector-parásito y cadenas o redes alimentarias. Esta revisión describe las ventajas y desventajas de los marcadores, destacando tres métodos cuyo diferencial es la permanencia en el insecto independientemente de la etapa de vida. Los radioisótopos minimizan la manipulación directa y el trauma de los insectos, se pueden aplicar a grandes poblaciones y son fácilmente rastreables, pero su eliminación limita la aplicación en el campo. Los isótopos estables se encuentran de forma natural en el medio ambiente, no son radiactivos y están relacionados con estudios ecológicos de niveles tróficos y procesos metabólicos Entre los elementos más utilizados, los isótopos de carbono reflejan principalmente la dieta de los animales; Los isótopos de nitrógeno reflejan las prácticas agrícolas (extensivas x intensivas) y en parte la dieta. Los isótopos de oxígeno e hidrógeno están relacionados con la composición isotópica del agua que, a su vez, depende de factores geográficos como la altitud, el clima y la latitud. A su vez, los oligoelementos también se utilizan como marcadores internos (no radiactivos) y pueden variar según la ubicación geográfica, cambiando las cantidades que se encuentran en plantas e insectos. Por tanto, la búsqueda de una mejor metodología para detectar la correlación de insectos con el hombre y el medio depende del tipo de estudio a realizar.

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Citas

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Publicado

2022-07-14

Cómo citar

Martins de Araujo, M., Javier Sanhueza Salas, F., & Arthur, V. (2022). Marcado de insectos para estudios biológicos. Revista De La Facultad De Agronomía, 121(1), 093. https://doi.org/10.24215/16699513e093