Biocontrol with Trichoderma spp. against Fusarium oxysporum causal of "damping off" in pre and post emergence in onion
Keywords:
allium cepa, biological control, damping of, antagonistic microorganisms, soil pathogenAbstract
In Argentina, the "basal rot” and the "damping off" caused by the complex Fusarium spp., are one of the most serious problems in onion. In this work, we studied the use of species of the genus Trichoderma as agents of biological control (ACB) against Fusarium oxysporum, causal "damping off" in onion. Were identified and characterized morphological, cultural and physiologically to 10 native isolates of Trichoderma spp. of the Collection of Phytopatology. Identification of species was performed by sequencing of the TEF-1α gene: T. harzianum s.l. (7), T. atroviride (1), T. koningiopsis (1) and T. longibrachiatum (1). The native isolates were compared with an isolate of a commercial biofungicide (PHCTM T22, Root Shield/Plant Shield) in its antagonistic ability “in vitro” against isolates of F. oxysporum in dual and opposite cultures. In addition, was determined the speed of growth in plate and tolerance to volatile metabolites produced by Brassica oleracea. Commercial and selected native isolates of Trichoderma were evaluated in efficacy of biocontrol in vivo: (i) in nursery, applied on the seed, and (ii) applied in roots of seedlings. Trichoderma koningiopsis (T13) and T. atroviride inhibited the growth of F. oxysporum at the rate of 50% in dual cultures. Only the growth of Trichoderma sp. (T14) and of the commercial isolate not was affected by volatiles produced by Brassica oleracea. In the bioassay, the treatment of T. koningiopsis (T14) on seeds and irrigation into soil got the highest value of germination of onion seedlings (61%) and the greater colonization of roots. This same treatment applied to the roots on seedlings of 120 days, resulted in lesser reduction of affected roots of onion that the treatment by commercial isolate.
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