Calidad forrajera de cebadilla criolla y tréboles. Comportamiento per se y en mezclas durante el primer año de implantación
Keywords:
Bromus catharticus, Trifolium sp., in vitro digestibility, crude protein content, general and specific combining abilityAbstract
Our objective was to evaluate the combining ability among cultivars of forage species, commonly sown in temperate regions of Argentine using dry matter quality traits. Three genetically diverse cultivars of prairie brome grass (Bromus catharticus, cv Copetona, cv Ñandú and cv Tango), a white clover cultivar (Trifolium repens, cv Lucero) and a red clover cultivar (T. pratense, cv Tropero) were evaluated during the first year (nine month). A randomized complete block design experiment was established in “Los Hornos”, La Plata, Buenos Aires. The treatments included five monocultures and ten binary mixtures. The plots (3.2 m long) were cutting 3 times over a 9-month period. A representative sub-sample of 200 mg was dried at 60ºC to constant weight in a forced-air oven. The dried samples were ground to pass a 1 mm screen in a mill. An enzymatic technique (pepsin-cellulase) was used to determine in vitro dry matter digestibility (DIV). Dumas methodology was applied to estimate percent total crude protein (PROT). Diallel analysis provided estimates of the general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA). Differences between cutting time and their interaction with treatment using a split plot in time analysis were tested. Multiple comparison test (Tukey, 5%) and analysis of variance for each cutting time (ANOVA) was used to identify the best combination. DIV was mostly influenced by the cutting time while PROT showed stability along growing season due to an additive pattern. Two important results are indicated: a- Compatibility between the prairie grasses "Tango" and "Ñandú" when combined in mixtures with clovers. TR and ÑB combinations achieved higher DIV and PROT values, respectively. b- Competition for the same resources when “Tango” variety is a mixture´s component. CT and ÑT stands, presented a decrease in the digestibility of dry matter at spring and early summer cuttings. Both findings would justify the incorporation of G + L mixed plots in breeding programs aimed at increasing the quality for the development of new varieties, feasible to be used in the future as constituents of mixed pastures of prairie Grass and Clovers.
Downloads
Metrics
References
Allison, D.W., G.S. Speer, R.W.Taylor & K. Guillard. 1985. Nutritional characteristics of kura clover (Trifolium ambiguum Bieb.) compared with other forage legumes. Journal Agriculture Science 104:227-229.
Arturi, M. J., M. B. Aulicino, O. Ansín, G. Gallinger & R. Signorio. 2012. Combining ability in mixtures of prairie grass and clovers. American Journal of Plant Sciences.3:1355 - 1360.
Barnett, F.L. & G.L. Posler. 1983. Performance of cool-season perennial grasses in pure stands and in mixture with legumes. Agronomy Journal 75:582-586.
Berdahl, J.D., J.F. Karn & S.T. Dara. 1994. Quantitative inheritance of forage quality traits in intermediate wheatgrass. Crop Science 34:423-427.
Buxton, D.R., D.R. Mertens & D.S. Fisher.1996. Forage quality and ruminant utilization. In: Cool-Season forage grasses (Eds.: Bartels J.M., Peterson G.A., Baenziger P.S., Bigham J.M.). Nº 34, series Agronomy, pp: 229-267. Madison, Winsconsin USA.
Caligari, P.D.S. 1980. Competitive interactions in Drosophila melanogaster. Heredity 45: 219-231.
Carter, L.P. & J.M. Scholl. 1962 Effectiveness of inorganic nitrogen as a replacement for legumes grown in association with forage grasses: I. Dry matter production and botanical composition. Agronomy Journal 54:161-163.
Clements, R.J. 1969. Selection for crude protein content in Phalaris tuberosa L. I. Response to selection and preliminary studies on correlated responses. Australian Journal of Agricultural research 20: 643-652.
Clements R.J. 1973. Breeding for improved nutritive value of Phalaris tuberosa herbage: An evaluation of alternative source of genetic variation. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 24:21-34.
Cruz, C.D. 1998. Programa Genes: Versao Windows; Aplicativo Computacional em Genética e Estatística, Viçosa: UFV, 648 p.
Davidson, I.A. & M. J. Robson. 1986. Effect of temperature and nitrogen supply on the growth of perennial ryegrass and white clover. 2. A comparison of monocultures and mixed swards. Annals of Botany 57: 709-718.
Deak, A., M.H. Hall, M.A. Sanderson & D. Archibald. 2007. Production and nutritive value of grassed sample and complex forage mixtures. Agronomy Journal. 99:814-821.
Deak, A., M.H. Hall & M.A. Sanderson. 2009. Grazing schedule effect on forage production and nutritive value of diverse forage mixtures. Crop Science 101(2):408-414.
Demarco D. 2010. La producción de carne vacuna y el stock Bovino, una relación de creciente deterioro. En: Sitio Argentino de producción Animal, nº: 100,1—35. Argentina.chttp://www.producciónaimal.com.ar/informacion_tecnica/origenes_evolucion_y_estadisticas_de_la_ganaderia
Ferrero, J. 2000. Calidad de la planta y silaje de maíz cosechado en diferentes estados de madurez. Tesis Maestría Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Balcarce, Argentina.
Gabrielsen, B.C. 1986. Evaluation of marker celluloses for activity and capacity to degrade forage. Agronomy Journal 78:838-842.
Gallandt, E.R., S.M. Dofing, P.E. Reisenauer & E. Donaldson. 2001. Diallel analysis of cultivar mixtures in winter wheat. Crop Science 41: 792-796.
Gardner, F.P., R. Brent Pearce & R.L. Mitchel. 1985. Carbon fixation by crop canopies. In: Physiology of Crop plants. Iowa State University Press-Pp. 31-57.
Griffing, B. 1956. Concept of general an specific combining ability in relation to diallel crossing systems. Australian Journal of Biology Science 9:463-493.
Harper, J.L. 1967. A Darwinian approach to plant ecology. Journal of Ecology 55:247-270.
Haynes, R. J. 1980. Competitive aspects of the grasslegume association. Advances in Agronomy 33: 227-259.
Jung, G.A., J.L. Griffin, R.E. Kocher, J.A. Shaffer & C.F. Gross. 1985. Performance of switchgrass and bluestem cultivars mixed with cool-season species. Agronomy Journal 77: 846-850.
Lodge, G.M. 2000. Competition among seeedlings of perennial grasses, subterranean clover, white clover, and annual raygrass in replacement series mixtures. Australian Journal Research 51:377-383.
Lynd, J.Q., Jr. E.A. Hanlon & Jr. G.V. Odell. 1984. Soil fertility and defoliation effects with arrowleaf clover and nitrogen fertilizer equivalence of crimson-arrowleaf clover combinations. Agronomy Journal 76: 13-16.
Macfarlane, M.J., D. Scott & P. Javis. 1982. Allelopathic effects of white clover. 2- Field investigations in tussock grassland. New Zealand Journal Agricultural research 25:511-518.
Marten, G.C. 1985. Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy NIRS: analysis of forage quality. USDA. Agriculture Handbook; no. 643. Washington, D.C., USDA, 95 p.
Marten, G.C. & A.W. Hovin. 1980. Harvest schedule, persistence, yield and quality interactions among four perennial grasses. Agronomy Journal 72:378-387.
McCloud, D.E. & G.O Mott. 1953. Influence of association upon the forage yield of legume-grass mixtures. Agronomy Journal 45:61-65.
Minson, D.J. 1990. Forage in rumian nutrition. Acad. Press, Inc. New York.
Moore, K.J., C.A. Roberts & J.O. Fritz. 1990. Indirect estimation of botanical composition of alfalfa-smooth bromegrass mixtures. Agronomy Journal 82:287-290.
Napitupulu, J.A & D. Smith. 1979. Changes in herbage chemical composition due to proportion of species in alfalfa-orchardgrass mixtures. Comm. Soil Science Plant Anal. 10:565-577.
Nesherin, L. & B.C. Boller. 1991. Nitrogen fixation by white clover when competing with grasses at moderately low temperatures. Plant and Soil 133:47-56.
Pederson, G.A. & G.E. Brink. 1988. Compatibility of five white clover and five tall fescue cultivars grown in association. Agronomy Journal 80:755-758.
Posler, G.L., A.W. Lenssen & G.L. Fine. 1993. Forage yield, quality, compatibility, and persistence of warmseason grass-legume mixtures. Agronomy Journal 85:554-560.
Redfearn, D.D., B.C. Venuto, W.D. Pitman, M.W. Alisson & J.D. Ward. 2002. Cultivar and environment effects on annual ryegrass forage yield, yield distribution and nutritive value. Crop Science 42:2049-2054.
Sanderson, M.A. & W.F. Wedin. 1989. Phenological stage and herbage quality relationship in temperate grasses and legumes. Agronomy Journal 81:864-869.
Scheneiter, O. 2005. Generación y Evaluación de Cultivares de Especies Forrajeras. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Pergamino. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria.
Sheaffer, C.C. & G.C. Marten. 1991. Kura clover forage yield, forage quality, and stand dynamics. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 71:1169-1172.
Skinner, R.H., D.L. Gustine & M.A. Sanderson. 2004. Growth, water relations, and nutritive value of pasture species mixtures under moisture stress. Crop Science 44:1361-1369.
Sleugh, B., K.J. Moore, J.R. George & E.C. Brummer. 2000. Binary Legume-Grass Mixture Improve Forage yield, quality and seasonal distribution. Agronomy Journal 92 (1): 24-29.
Snaydon, R.W. 1991. Replacement or additive designs for competition studies? Journal Appl. Ecol. 28:930-946.
Sprague, G. F. & L.A. Tatum. 1942. General Vs. Specific combining ability in single crosses of corn. Journal of American Society Agronomy 34: 923-32.
Springer, T.L. 1996. Allelopathic effects on germination and seedling growth of clovers by endophyte-free and infected tall fescue. Crop Science 36:1639-1642.
Springer, T.L., G.E. Aiken., R.N. Pittman & R.W. Mcnew. 1996. Competition and combining ability effects of cool-season legumes and grasses. P. 58-66. In: T.L. Springer and R.N. Pittman (eds). Indentifying germoplasm for successful forage legume-grass interaction. U.S. Dep. Agric, Agricultural Research Service. 1996-02.
Springer, T.L., G.E. Aiken & R.W. Mcnew. 2001. Combining ability of binary mixtures of native warmseason grasses and legumes. Crop Science 41: 818-823.
Steel, R. & J. Torrie. 1988. Bioestadística: Principios y procedimientos. 2ª ed. McGraw-Hill, México. 622 p.
Stern, W.R. & C.M. Donald. 1962. Light relationships in grass-clover swards. Australian Journal Agriculture Research 13: 615-623.
West, C.P. & A.P. Mallarino.1996. Nitrogen transfer from legumes to grasses. p. 167-175. In R.E. Joost and C.A. Roberts (eds.) Nutrient cycling in forage systems. Proceedings. March 7-8 Columbia, MO. Potash and Phosphate Institute and Foundation for Agronomic Research. Manhattan, KS.
Wheeler, J.L. & J.L. Corbett.1989. Criteria for breeding forages of improved feeding value: results of a Delphi survey. Grass and Forage Science 44:77-83.
Wiles, P.G., I.K. Gray & R.C Kissling. 1998. Routine analysis of proteins by Kjeldahl and Dumas methods: review and interlaboratory study using dairy products. Journal of AOAC International, v.81, p.620-632.
Woledge, J., V. Tewson & I.A. Davidson. 1990. Growth of grass clover mixture during winter. Grass Forage Science 45:191-202.
Zemenchik, R.A., K.A. Albrecht & M.K. Schultz. 2001. Nitrogen replacement value of kura clover and birdsfoot trefolil in binary mixture with cool-season grass. Agronomy Journal. 93:451-458.
Zemenchik, R.A., K.A. Albrecht & R.D. Shaver. 2002. Improved nutritive value of kura clover and birdsfoot trefoil-grass mixtures compared with grass monocultures. Agronomy Journal 94: 1131-1138.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
A partir de 2019 (Vol. 118 número 2) los artículos se publicarán en la revista bajo una licencia Creative Commons Atribución- NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)
Acorde a estos términos, el material se puede compartir (copiar y redistribuir en cualquier medio o formato) y adaptar (remezclar, transformar y crear a partir del material otra obra), siempre que a) se cite la autoría y la fuente original de su publicación (revista y URL de la obra), b) no se use para fines comerciales y c) se mantengan los mismos términos de la licencia.
Previo a esta fecha los artículos se publicaron en la revista bajo una licencia Creative Commons Atribución (CC BY)
En ambos casos, la aceptación de los originales por parte de la revista implica la cesión no exclusiva de los derechos patrimoniales de los/as autores/as en favor del editor, quien permite la reutilización, luego de su edición (posprint), bajo la licencia que corresponda según la edición.
Tal cesión supone, por un lado, que luego de su edición (posprint) en Revista de la Facultad de Agronomía las/os autoras/es pueden publicar su trabajo en cualquier idioma, medio y formato (en tales casos, se solicita que se consigne que el material fue publicado originalmente en esta revista); por otro, la autorización de los/as autores/as para que el trabajo sea cosechado por SEDICI, el repositorio institucional de la Universidad Nacional de La Plata, y sea difundido en las bases de datos que el equipo editorial considere adecuadas para incrementar la visibilidad de la publicación y de sus autores/as.
Asimismo, la revista incentiva a las/os autoras/es para que luego de su publicación en Revista de la Facultad de Agronomía depositen sus producciones en otros repositorios institucionales y temáticos, bajo el principio de que ofrecer a la sociedad la producción científica y académica sin restricciones contribuye a un mayor intercambio del conocimiento global.
