Categorización fonológica por infantes de 9 a 12 meses de edad aprendices del español. Laboratorio de Infantes, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
Abstract
Los infantes se sensibilizan a los patrones fonológicos más constantes en el lenguaje del ambiente, aun antes de que hagan su primera asociación referencial entre los sonidos de las palabras y los significados. Esta sensibilización promueve el desarrollo de habilidades perceptuales para la adquisición del lenguaje. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar en infantes aprendices del español, las habilidades para categorizar fonológicamente palabras por la coincidencia en el inicio o final de las mismas. Usando el Procedimiento de Atención Preferencial Auditiva, se realizaron dos experimentos con infantes de 9 a 12 meses de edad. Los participantes escuchaban dos tipos de listas de palabras CVCV. Las palabras en las listas experimentales coincidían en una sílaba en particular (i.e. inicial, Experimento 1; final, Experimento 2), mientras que las palabras en las listas control no tenían regularidad alguna. Los resultados revelaron que, a pesar de la variabilidad en su sílaba contigua, los infantes aprendices del español categorizan tanto palabras que tienen un inicio en común, como aquellas que coinciden en la sílaba final. Dadas las características morfológicas del español, se discute su relación con el desarrollo de estas habilidades perceptuales.
Infants become sensitive to phonological regularities that are more consistent in their language input, even before they make their first word-object association. This sensibility enhances the development of perceptual abilities that will serve as the basis for language acquisition. The aim of this research was to evaluate in Spanish learning infants, basic cognitive abilities for the phonological categorization of words that coincide in their initial or final segment. The head-turn preference procedure was used in two experiments with infants from 9 to 12 months of age. Infants listened to two types of lists of CVCV words. Items in the experimental lists shared a particular syllable (i.e. onset syllable, Experiment 1 and ending syllable, Experiment 2), whereas items in the control lists were unrelated. Infants showed significant preferences between the lists. These results revealed that Spanish learning infants categorize not only the words that have a common onset, but also those that share a final syllable, despite the variability in the adjacent syllable. Given the morphology of Spanish, discussion is made on its relationship with the development of these perceptual abilities.
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