The music therapy and harm model (MTHM): Conceptualizing harm within music therapy practice

Brea Murakami

doi:10.24215/27186199e003

Autores/as

Brea Murakami Paciﬁc University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24215/27186199e003

Palabras clave:

musicoterapia, daño, efectos negativos, eventos adversos, modelo teórico

Resumen

Los musicoterapeutas clínicos e investigadores discuten ampliamente los beneﬁcios terapéuticos de la música, pero han pasado por alto en gran medida la posibilidad de que surjan daños durante las sesiones de musicoterapia. Este tema importante puede pasarse por alto debido a su complejidad. Deﬁnir y comprender los efectos negativos de la música y la musicoterapia son tareas difíciles. Sin embargo, la musicoterapia puede progresar en varios temas (por ejemplo, reconocimiento gubernamental, estándares educativos) al examinar los efectos potencialmente dañinos de las intervenciones basadas en la música. Las menciones al daño dentro de la literatura de musicoterapia son irregulares e imprecisas, quizás porque el campo carece de una estructura teórica para organizar este complicado tema. Este artículo presenta el Modelo denominado “Music erapy and Harm Model” (MTHM), el cual tiene como objetivo conceptualizar seis fuentes potenciales de daño dentro de la práctica clínica de la musicoterapia. Especíﬁcamente, estas fuentes potenciales incluyen 1) la música presentada, 2) el musicoterapeuta, 3) la aplicación terapéutica de la música, 4) la relación terapéutica, 5) las asociaciones musicales especíﬁcas del cliente y 6) los factores ecológicos. Este documento ilustra cada fuente ejempliﬁcando cada posible daño físico o psicológico. Además, se teoriza que estos mismos factores actúan como elementos protectores que permiten a los musicoterapeutas remediar casos de daño y promover la resiliencia del cliente frente a las experiencias negativas de la musicoterapia. El MTHM se conceptualiza aún más con una breve revisión de la literatura sobre el daño dentro de la práctica de la musicoterapia, junto con la investigación relacionada en psicoterapia. Finalmente, este artículo expone las implicaciones clínicas, educativas, de promoción, de investigación y globales del MTHM.

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