The music therapy and harm model (MTHM)
Conceptualizing harm within music therapy practice
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24215/27186199e003Keywords:
music therapy, harm, negative effects, adverse events, theoretical modelAbstract
Music therapy researchers and clinicians widely discuss music’s therapeutic benefits, but have largely overlooked the potential for harm to arise within music therapy sessions. This important topic may be neglected due to its complexity; defining and understanding negative effects of music and music therapy are difficult endeavors. However, the music therapy profession may make progress on several professional issues (e.g., governmental recognition, educational standards) by examining the potentially harmful effects of music-based interventions. Mentions of harm within music therapy literature are irregular and imprecise, perhaps because the field lacks a theoretical structure to organize this complicated subject. This paper presents the Music Therapy and Harm Model (MTHM), which aims to conceptualize six potential sources of harm within clinical music therapy practice. Specifically, these potential sources include 1) the music presented, 2) the music therapist, 3) the therapeutic application of music, 4) the therapeutic relationship, 5) client-specific music associations, and 6) ecological factors. This paper illustrates each source with examples of either physical or psychological harm. Furthermore, these same factors are theorized to act as protective elements that allow music therapists to remediate instances of harm and promote client resilience in the face of negative music therapy experiences. The MTHM is further conceptualized with a brief literature review surrounding harm within music therapy practice, along with related research in psychotherapy. Finally, this article lays out the clinical, educational, advocacy, research, and global implications of the MTHM.
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