Obtaining the first Argentine variety of indian mustard: SANTA CATALINA UNLP, for use as biofumigant

Authors

  • Omar Salvador Perniola Instituto Fitotécnico de Santa Catalina, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad Nacional de La Plata
  • Silvia Elena Chorzempa Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Lomas de Zamora
  • Marco D'Amico Instituto Fitotécnico de Santa Catalina, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad Nacional de La Plata - Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Lomas de Zamora - Estación Experimental Gorina, Ministerio de Desarrollo Agrario de la Provincia de Buenos Aires
  • Sebastián Staltari Instituto Fitotécnico de Santa Catalina, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad Nacional de La Plata
  • María del Carmen Molina Instituto Fitotécnico de Santa Catalina, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad Nacional de La Plata
  • Marta Mónica Astiz Gassó Instituto Fitotécnico de Santa Catalina, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad Nacional de La Plata

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24215/26838559e027

Keywords:

plant breeding, biofumigation, Brassica juncea, biocontrol, integrated pest management

Abstract

In recent decades, the greater awareness of society about the harmful effects of agrochemicals on health and the environment, has generated changes in some horticultural and flower farms in the green belt of Buenos Aires, which have incorporated other strategies to control pests, friendly with the environment, and reduced the use of synthetic pesticides. In this context, biofumigation with indian mustard (Brassica juncea L. Czerniak) is presented as an effective biological strategy for the control of soil pests, which could be part of an agroecological pest management program. In our country there are use experiences of biofumigation practices with local resources (mainly, harvest residues of horticultural Brassicaceae species) but there were no cultivar developments for biofumigant purposes. For this reason, a mass selection process was carried out and the biofumigant variety SANTA CATALINA UNLP was obtained, which is the first cultivar of indian mustard registered in the national registry of cultivars (Registro Nacional de Cultivares, INASE).

The SANTA CATALINA UNLP indian mustard variety was developed for use as a biofumigant for soils and substrates in horticultural and floricultural productions. Given that the selection process was carried out in Llavallol town (Buenos Aires Province), this cultivar is adapted to the environmental conditions of the green belt of Buenos Aires. Numerous investigations carried out during the cultivar selection period have demonstrated the efficacy of biofumigation with this variety to suppress some species of phytopathogenic fungi, to reduce populations of phytophagous nematodes and to inhibit the emergence and growth of some weeds. Biofumigation with indian mustard was also shown not to affect the antagonistic fungus Trichoderma spp. nor to the free-living soil nematodes (beneficial).

The SANTA CATALINA UNLP variety was developed at the Instituto Fitotécnico de Santa Catalina, a facility at Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales de la Universidad Nacional de La Plata. From 2009 to 2016, mass selection was made on a mixed population from a batch of indian mustard seeds that entered the country from India, to be marketed as a condiment. The plants with the highest aerial biomass and with the lowest incidence and severity of black rot or V-spot (Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris) were selected. At the same time, tests were carried out to evaluate its capacity as a biofumigant for the biocontrol of agricultural pests. In June 2017 it was multiplied, verifying the stability of the variety. In several tests it was observed that biofumigation with indian mustard had a suppressing effect on the growth in vitro of Fusarium graminearum. In another work, it was concluded that biofumigation significantly reduced the amount of sclerotia of Sclerotium rolfsii. The results obtained in several trials showed that the biocontrol technique with the Trichoderma spp antagonist fungus can be considered compatible with B. juncea biofumigation. Thus, the growth of the Trichoderma spp. beneficial fungus it was not affected by biofumigation with B. juncea. In another trial, it was observed that biofumigation with low doses of B. juncea did not inhibit the in vitro growth of colonies of Azospirillum brasilense, a plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria. Regarding the effect of biofumigation on weeds, a reduction in the growth of several weed species was observed: Anoda cristata, Picris echiodes, Portulaca oleracea, Digitaria sanguinalis and Taraxacum officinalis. It was also determined that biofumigation with SANTA CATALINA UNLP increased the density of free-living nematodes and reduced the density of plant parasitic nematodes.

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Published

2021-02-19

How to Cite

Perniola, O. S., Chorzempa, S. E., D’Amico, M., Staltari, S., Molina, M. del C., & Astiz Gassó, M. M. (2021). Obtaining the first Argentine variety of indian mustard: SANTA CATALINA UNLP, for use as biofumigant. Social and Technological Development and Innovation, 3(1), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.24215/26838559e027

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