Ensayos de supervivencia de Trichoderma spp. en semillas de trigo peleteadas

Claudio Gernetti; Silvina Larran; Cecilia Mónaco

Authors

Claudio Gernetti Fitopatología. CIDEFI. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales (UNLP)
Silvina Larran Fitopatología. CIDEFI. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales (UNLP)
Cecilia Mónaco Fitopatología. CIDEFI. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales (UNLP)

Keywords:

Trichoderma harzianum, wheat, seeds, conidial survival, pelled

Abstract

While biocontrol assays in wheat plants were promising using the pelleting or coating technique, none of these studied the adhesion of Trichoderma harzianum conidia to the seed according to the formulation used. No antecedents have been found in the evaluation of the survival of conidia when applied as a seed coating during storage. These aspects are considered fundamental for the selection of the formulation and its concentration to achieve the adhesion and survival of the conidia that is sought. In this sense, the objective of the present work was: To evaluate the effectiveness of the method of pelleting with Trichoderma harzianum in wheat seeds, in the amount of adhered conidia and survival during storage and its effect on the germination of seeds, dry weight and greenness index of wheat seedlings. For the essay, wheat seeds, Variety Pampero from the Santa Rosa Hatchery, which were provided by the company NITRAP S.A. pelleted with a commercial biological product based on T. harzianum conidia (TRICOTRAP) applying different formulations and concentrations were used. In order to know the effect of the application of T. harzianum as a seed pellet on the growth of wheat seedlings, three indicators were evaluated, which were the emergence of seedlings, dry weight and greenness index. The results obtained from the trial to evaluate the amount of T. harzianum conidia adhering to the seed using different formulations and concentrations showed that the highest values of cfu/g of pelleted wheat seed recovered in culture medium were for the solid formulations. In the evaluations at 10, 20 and 30 days of storage, it was observed that the conidia count values were decreasing. In addition, there was evidence of stimulation in the germination of seeds treated with T. harzianum compared to untreated seeds. The average dry weight of plants emerged from untreated seeds was 0.0608 g and the average of treated seeds was 0.0604 g. No differences were observed between the two values, so no effect of the application of T. harzianum on the dry weight of wheat plants could be established. The same it was observed respect to greenness index, there was not significant differences between treated and untreated wheat seeds. According to the results obtained in the present work, it is considered important to know the amount of conidia of Trichoderma spp. that adhere to the seed according to the formulation and concentration of conidia that are applied to the seeds and their survival over time. It is suggested to continue the trials analyzing different storage conditions to favor the greater survival of conidia and evaluate the adhesion and survival in seeds of other species.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

A. Cordo, “Patologías del trigo”. En: Enfermedades del trigo. Avances científicos en la Argentina. Cordo, C.A., Sisterna, M. N. (Coords.) Editorial Edulp. 2014, Capítulo 1, 21-56 pp.

S. Larran, “Estudio de la micobiota endofítica asociada a trigo y soja y su significancia en la interacción con patógenos fúngicos”. Tesis doctoral Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 2016. Disponible http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar/handle/10915/54499

A. Perelló, Martinez I., Molina, M., “First report of virulence and effects of Magnaporthe oryzae isolates causing wheat blast in Argentina”, Plant Disease, 99, 2015, 904-1042.

I. Errenguerena, Carpaneto B., Samoiloff A., Couretot L., “Parastagonospora nodorum: un patógeno re-emergente en trigo y ahora también en cebada”. Ed. INTA. 2019. Disponible https://inta.gob.ar/sites/default/files/inta_parastagonospora_nodorum.pdf

A. Formento, “Roya estriada del trigo (Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici): aspectos claves para su manejo”. Serie Extensión INTA Paraná Nº 87, 2021, 19-27. Disponible https://inta.gob.ar/sites/default/files/roya_estriada_del_trigo_puccinia_striiformis_f._sp._tritici_aspectos_claves_para_su_manejo.pdf

C. Mourelos, “Fusariosis de la espiga del trigo: dinámica del inóculo de Fusarium graminearum ante un manejo sustentable. Tesis doctoral, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Bernal, Argentina. 2015. Disponible en RIDAA-UNQ Repositorio Institucional Digital de Acceso Abierto de la Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, http://ridaa.unq.edu.ar/handle/20.500.11807/579

M. Simón, Malagrina, G. “Guías de Cerealicultura. Material de apoyo didáctico para las unidades de enfermedades y plagas en Trigo”. FCAyF, UNLP. 2007.

M. Carmona, Barreto D., López S., Gally M., Grijalba P., Sugia V., “Proyecto de Investigación UBACyT. Manejo integrado de enfermedades importantes en soja y cereales de invierno: Alternativas para una producción sustentable”, 2004. Disponible http://www.produccionanimal.com.ar/produccion_y_manejo_pasturas/pasturas_combate_de_plagas_y_malezas/38-controlar_enfermedades_en_cereales_invierno.pdf

J. Annone, “El desafío del manejo integrado de enfermedades de los cultivos en sistemas agrícolas conservacionistas: el caso de la sanidad del trigo en siembra directa”, 13th Congreso Latinoamericano de Fitopatología, 2004. Villa Carlos Paz, Córdoba, Argentina, Actas 161–164.

M. Carmona, “El manejo integrado de las enfermedades del cultivo de trigo, una asignatura pendiente”, 2006, Congreso A Todo Trigo. Conocimiento y Producción, organizado por Federación de Centros y Entidades Gremiales de Acopiadores de Cereales, Mar del Plata, Actas 161-165.

Cordo C.A., Consolo V.F., AstizGassó M., Simón M.R., Kripelz N.I., Mónaco C. “Septoriosis del trigo en la Argentina: observaciones prácticas para el manejo de la enfermedad”, 2014. 1° Simposio Internacional de Trigo, Uruguay.

N. Ferraris, Abramoff C., Lampugnani G., Zuluaga S., Cordo C., Mónaco C., Stocco M., “Alternativa biológica para el control de patógenos transmitidos por semilla en cebada”, 2016. VIII Congreso Nacional de Trigo. VI Simposio de cereales de siembra otoño -invernal. II Reunión del Mercosur. Pergamino, Pcia. de Buenos Aires.

C. Mónaco, Abramoff C., Lampugnani G., Stocco M., Kripelz N., Cordo C., “Capacidad biocontroladora de Trichodermasp. sobre la manifestación de la septoriosis del trigo”., 2014, 1° Simposio Internacional de Trigo, Uruguay.

E. Paredes, Gallego, D., Kripelz, N., Cordo, C., Mónaco, C., “Evaluación de la aptitud colonizadora de dos cepas de Trichoderma harzianum en semillas y hojas de trigo”, 2014, 3° Congreso Argentino de Fitopatología. San Miguel de Tucumán.

M. Stocco, Mansilla A.Y., Mónaco C.I., Segarra C., Lampugnani G., Abramoff C., Marchetti M.F., Kripelz N., Cordo C.A., Consolo V.F., “Native isolates of Trichoderma harzianum inducting resistance to Mycosphaerella graminicola, on wheat plants”, X Boletín de la Sociedad Argentina de Botánica, 50, 2015a., 291-301.

M. Stocco, Mónaco C.I., Abramoff C., Lampugnani G., Salerno G., Kripelz N., Cordo C., Consolo V.F., “Selection and characterization of Argentine isolates of Trichoderma harzianum for effective biocontrol of Septoria leaf blotch of wheat”, World journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 28, 2015b, 1389–1398.

G. Dal Bello, Mónaco C, Simón M., “Biological control of seedling blight of wheat caused Fusarium graminearum with beneficial rhizosphere microorganisms”, World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 18, 2002, 627-636.

G. Dal Bello, Sisterna M, Mónaco C., “Antagonistic effect of soil rhizosphere microorganisms on Bipolaris sorokiniana, the causal agent of wheat seedling blight”, International Journal of Pest Management, 49, 2003, 313-317.

A. Perelló, Mónaco C., Sisterna M., Dal Bello G., “Biocontrol efficacy of Trichoderma isolates for tan spot of wheat in Argentina”, Crop Protection, 22, 2003, 1099-1106.

A. Perelló, Mónaco C., Moreno V., Cordo C., Simón M.R., “The effect of Trichoderma harzianum and T. koningii on the control of tan spot (Pyrenophora tritici-repentis) and leaf blotch (Mycosphaerella graminicola) of wheat under field conditions in Argentina”, Biocontrol Science and Technology, 16, 2006, 803-813.

A. Perelló, Mónaco C., Moreno M.V., Simón M.R., Cordo C., “Trichoderma spp. isolates as potential biological agents for foliar wheat diseases under field conditions in Argentina”, Biocontrol Science and Technology, 16, 2006 16: 803-813.

A. Perelló, Mónaco C., Simón M., Dal Bello G., “Biocontrol efficacy of Trichoderma isolates for tan spot of wheat in Argentina”, Crop Protection, 22, 2003, 1099-1106.

C. Cordo, Mónaco C., Segarra C., Simón M.R., Mansilla A., Perelló A., Kripelz N., Bayo D., Conde R., “Trichoderma sp. as elicitors of wheat plant defense responses against Septoria tritici”. Biocontrol Science and Technology, 17, 2007, 687-698.

F. Navarrete, “Tratamientos combinados con diferentes fungicidas para reducir la severidad de Septoria tritici y su impacto sobre el rendimiento de trigo y sus componentes”. Trabajo Final para la obtención del título de grado: Ingeniero Agrónomo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales de la Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 2013, 51 pp.

J. Zadoks J., Chang T., Konzak C., “A decimal code for the growth stage of cereals”, Weed Research, 14, 1974, 415-421.

T. Benítez, Rincon A., Limon M.C., Codón A.C., “Biocontrol mechanisms of Trichoderma Strains”, International Microbiology, 7, 2004, 249-260.

A. Paredes, “Acción biofungicida con aplicaciones de Trichoderma harzianum para controlar la mancha de la hoja del trigo”. Trabajo Final para la obtención del título de grado: Ingeniero Agrónomo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales de la Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 2015, 43 pp.

V. Olmedo, S. Casas. “Molecular mechanisms of biocontrol in Trichoderma spp. and their applications in agriculture”, Chapter 32. En Biotechnology and Biology of Trichoderma, 2014, 429–453 pp.

M. Ananthi, Selvaraju, P. Sundaralingam, K., “Effect of bio-priming using bio-control agents on seed germination and seedling vigour in chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) ‘PKM 1’”, The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology, 89, 2014 5, 564-568.

I. A. Morinigo-Villan, Vega-Britez, G.D., Lesmo-Duarte N.D., Velázquez Duarte J.A., Gennaro-Campos K.H., Alvarenga-Serafini J.D., “Efecto del formulado comercial de Trichoderma harzianum en semillas de trigo. Effect of commercially formulated Trichoderma harzianum fungus on wheat seed”. Intropica, 14, 2019, 104-111. Disponible https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=8054871

A. Castro, Rivillas, C., “Bioregulación de Rhizoctonia solani en germinadores de café”. Boletín Cenicafé. Avance Técnico N°336 Chinchiná, Colombia., 2005.

M. Salerhpour, Etebarian H.R., Roustaei A., Khodakaramian G., “Biological control of common root rot of wheat (Bipolaris sorokiniana) by Trichoderma isolates”, Plant Pathology Journal 14, 2012, 118-124.

R. Barakat, Al-Mahareeq F., AL- Masri M.I., “Biological control of Sclerotium rolfsii by using indigenous Trichoderma spp. isolates from Palestine”, Hebron University Research Journal, 2, 2006, 27 – 47.

G. Diaz, Rodríguez G., Montana L., Miranda T., Basso C., Arcia M., “Efecto de la aplicación de bioestimulantes y Trichoderma sobre el crecimiento en plántulas de maracuyá (Passiflora edulis Sims) en vivero”, Bioagro, 2, 2020, 195-204.

A. Bader, Salerno, G.L., Covacevich F., Consolo V.F., “Bioformulación de Trichoderma harzianum en sustrato sólido y efectos de su aplicación sobre plantas de pimiento”, Revista de la Facultad de Agronomía, 119, 2020, 119: 1-9.