The different models of guidance in the light of its history

Abstract

In this work, a historical-conceptual journey will be made, giving an account of the emergence of guidance as a scientific practice towards the beginning of the 20th century, until its present-day concept as a multiple and complex interdisciplinary field. To do this, we will begin with an approach to the concept of orientation, four stages of the emergence of orientation will be outlined schematically. The delimitation of these stages, like any chronological cut, turns out to be arbitrary for the purposes of this work. In each of the stages the general characteristics of the main models, theories and approaches of guidance in the United States and Europe on the one hand, and, on the other hand, in the Latin American context, with special reference to our country, Argentina, are highlighted. In this journey we will try to point out how the different guiding practices have developed until its conception today as a complex praxis of intervention where a plurality of theoretical frameworks and conceptual approaches converge.