Osteocondrosis en equinos: un problema latente de la industria hípica

N Galinelli; MF Landoni

Autores/as

N Galinelli
MF Landoni

Palabras clave:

osteocondrosis, equinos, osificación endocondral, etiopatogenia

Resumen

Esta revisión esta centrada en la Osteocondrosis (OC) en equinos. La osteocondrosis es un disturbio en la osificación endocondral de etiología multifactorial que afecta a equinos y otras especies animales. No hay un acuerdo entre los investigadores en la clasificación de la OC; algunos sostienen que se trata de una enfermedad metabólica mientras que otros la incluyen dentro de las Enfermedades Ortopédicas del Desarrollo (DOD). En los caballos la OC afecta principalmente a las articulaciones de nudos, tarsos y babillas. Las lesiones pueden aparecer en varias localizaciones en un mismo animal, a veces ocurren en sitios bilaterales y simétricos. Los signos clínicos son principalmente la distensión articular y diferentes grados de claudicación. La etiopatogenia de OC es desconocida, habiendo sido propuestos varios factores etiológicos como, desbalances en la dieta y/o tasa de crecimiento, traumas, conformación anatómica y factores genéticos. En la clínica veterinaria el diagnóstico se realiza por a través de la evaluación radiológica de las articulaciones. Sin embargo, se han desarrollado otros métodos diagnósticos (ecografía, resonancia magnética y tomografía computada). El tratamiento clásico de OC consiste en remover el fragmento óseo y reparar las lesiones por artroscopia. Sin embargo, el tratamiento puede ser conservador dependiendo la edad del equino; basado en el carácter dinámico de la enfermedad temprana, pequeñas lesiones pueden desaparecer eventualmente.

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