Ovarian oestrogen-induced myelotoxicity and vulvar leiomyosarcoma in a bitch. Case report
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24215/15142590e030Keywords:
anaemia, oestrogen, vulvar leiomyosarcoma, immunohistochemistryAbstract
High blood oestrogen concentration leads to bone marrow toxicity contributing to the development of severe and sometimes irreversible bone marrow hypoplasia. Oestrogens also play a role in the development of smooth muscle tumors in the uterus, vagina and vulva. Primary sarcomas represent only 1-3 % of malignant vulvar neoplasms in dogs, with leiomyosarcoma being the most common. This report describes a case of myelotoxicity and vulvar leiomyosarcoma due to ovarian hyperoestrogenism in a 7-year-old pit bull. The patient came to the clinic presenting hyporexia, depression, difficulty to move, dyspnea, pain upon inguinal palpation, dysuria, vulvar edema, bilateral symmetric alopecia, growth of mammary glands and abnormal reproductive cycles, as well as a mass located in the left vulvar lip. Laboratory studies showed severe pancytopenia associated with myelotoxicity and a serum 17β-oestradiol concentration of 185.6 pg/ml. Hypoplasia was found in the bone marrow aspirate. Surgical excision of the mass was carried out together with oophorosalpingectomy, and a follicular cyst was found in the right ovary. Histopathological and immunohistochemical studies were carried out and a definitive diagnosis of oestrogen-induced myelotoxicity and vulvar leiomyosarcoma was made.
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