Pseudomonas aeruginosa in canine otitis externa: current situation
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24215/15142590e048Keywords:
Otitis externa, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, antimicrobials, PK/PD, canineAbstract
Otitis externa is a frequent disease in veterinary small animal practice. Understanding its pathophysiology is important for prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. The diagnostic protocol must be strict, where bacterial culture and antibiogram play an essential role. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic and invasive microorganism, which by itself constitutes a perpetuating factor for chronic otitis. In addition to its virulence factors and intrinsic resistance to multiple drugs, it forms protective biofilms on colonized tissues, and has a great capacity to acquire genes that determine chromosomal and extra chromosomal resistance during the antibiotic treatment. Management of chronic or recurrent cases of otitis by P. aeruginosa is a constant challenge for veterinarians. Since the outer ear is a scarcely irrigated tissue, the use of systemic antimicrobials does not reach adequate local concentrations, leaving topical therapy as the first choice of treatment. Treatment success should consider application of pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic guidelines not only from a purely empirical conception, but also from a quantitative conception, which allows description and simulation of the effect of an antibiotic on a bacterial population as function of time through mathematical modelling of the experimental data, in order to maximize the effectiveness and minimize resistance selection.
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