Biofilms bacterianos

ML Meneses; MF Landoni

Autores/as

ML Meneses
MF Landoni

Palabras clave:

Bacteria planctónica, Resistencia antimicrobiana, Infecciones bacterianas, Infecciones bacterianas crónicas, Biofilm

Resumen

Las poblaciones bacterianas tienen la habilidad de adaptarse rápida y óptimamente a los cambios en los ambientes en los que existen. De esta manera, en ambientes propicios, con ausencia o baja incidencia de factores estresantes, se las puede encontrar de forma individual, también llamada planctónica. Sin embargo, los cambios bruscos en el ambiente que las rodea, conducen a un cambio importante en el comportamiento de la bacteria individual, la cual tiende a contactar y “comunicarse” con las bacterias aledañas para conformar una patina bacteriana, llamada biofilm. Los biofilm son responsables de las infecciones bacterianas crónicas y/o recidivantes en humanos y animales. La característica fundamental de los biofilm bacterianos es su amplia resistencia frente a una variedad de antimicrobianos, la cual es consecuencia de mecanismos distintos a los reportados para la bacteria en estado planctónico. La formación de biofilms comienza a ser reconocida como un proceso de desarrollo multicelular. Esta es la llave de las nuevas estrategias terapéuticas: el cambio del blanco a tratar, dejar de pensar en la bacteria para empezar a pensar en ese organismo multicelular conformado por bacterias al que se denomina biofilm.

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