Análisis de Procrustes y el estudio de la variación morfológica/ Procrustes analysis and the study of morphological variation

Autores/as

  • Sebastián Torcida Grupo de Estadística. ECOSISTEMAS. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. UNCPBA. Tandil. Argentina
  • S. Ivan Perez División Antropología. Museo de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. CONICET

Resumen

RESUMEN El estudio de la variación morfológica ha ocupado un lugar central en la antropología, así como en el resto de las ciencias naturales, a partir de su surgimiento en el siglo XVIII. Desde un punto de vista cuantitativo, el estudio de la variación morfológica busca obtener información acerca del tamaño y la forma de una estructura. Tradicionalmente, estas propiedades han sido estudiadas a través de variables lineales tales como "ancho", "longitud", "altura" y empleando métodos estadísticos multivariados. En las décadas del 1980 y 1990 las técnicas cuantitativas de análisis de la variación morfológica fueron revolucionadas por el desarrollo y la aplicación de un método para estudiar coordenadas cartesianas de puntos anatómicos: el análisis de Procrustes. Desde entonces, este método ha ganado relevancia en el campo de la antropología biológica. El objetivo de este artículo es revisar los principios del análisis de Procrustes aplicado a coordenadas de puntos anatómicos y discutir el empleo de diferentes versiones del mismo en bioantropología. El texto está ordenado como sigue: en primer lugar revisamos diversas nociones básicas involucradas en los estudios morfométricos; entre ellos, los conceptos de tamaño y forma. En segundo lugar discutimos los principios del análisis de Procrustes y señalamos las diferencias entre sus dos versiones más importantes: la superposición por cuadrados mínimos y la superposición robusta por medianas repetidas. Finalmente, mostramos y discutimos algunos ejemplos de la aplicación de estos métodos en el campo de la antropología biológica.

ABSTRACT The study of morphological variation has occupied a central place in anthropology, as well as the rest of the natural sciences, from its emergence in the eighteenth century. From a quantitative point of view, the study of morphological variation search for information about the size and shape of a structure. Traditionally, these properties have been studied using linear variables such as "width", "length", "height" and using multivariate statistical methods. In the decades of 1980 and 1990 quantitative techniques for analyzing morphological variation were revolutionized by the development and implementation of a method to study the cartesian coordinates of anatomical landmarks, Procrustes analysis. Since then, this method has gained prominence in the field of biological anthropology. The aim of this paper is to review the principles of Procrustes analysis applied to coordinates of anatomical landmarks and discuss the use of its different versions in bioanthropology. The text is organized as follows: first review several basic concepts involved in the morphometric studies, among them the concepts of size and shape. Secondly we review the principles of Procrustes analysis, and point out the differences between their two major versions: the least-squares fit and the repeated-medians robust fit. Finally, we show and discuss some examples of the application of these methods in the field of biological anthropology.

Publicado on-line: 25/08/2012

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18.05.2012

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Torcida, S., & Perez, S. I. (2012). Análisis de Procrustes y el estudio de la variación morfológica/ Procrustes analysis and the study of morphological variation. Revista Argentina De Antropología Biológica, 14(1), 131–141. Recuperado a partir de https://revistas.unlp.edu.ar/raab/article/view/537

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