Population groups in Uruguay based on the distribution of surnames
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24215/18536387e025Keywords:
isonymy, genetic distance, regional clustersAbstract
Recently we published the analysis of surnames of the 2010 Electoral Register of República Oriental del Uruguay through calculation of isonymic distances, based on the 19 departments of the country, and the 171 possible comparisons, showing two large clusters in the south, and a few others with smaller relationships in the north and east. The purpose of the present work is to deepen the analysis of isonymic distances using the distribution of surnames based on the 221 municipalities, instead of departments, that make up the country. Isonymic distances were estimated taking two at a time, for 24,310 comparisons. Matrices of isonymic distances were tested for correlation with geographic distance. The correlations were higher (r=0.253±0.033) for euclidean, intermediate for Lasker (r=0.18±0.029), and lower for Nei’s distance (r=0.17±0.03), all statistically significant (p<0.001). New dendrograms were constructed with clusters not previously determined. The relative surname homogeneity in the south is noteworthy, with 7 clusters close to Montevideo. In the north, with 8 clusters identified, distances are greater, revealing more surname heterogeneity. It was confirmed that the Río Negro acted as a geographical barrier, but orographic, hydrographic, historic, and sociodemographic factors, which were not detected in the previous analysis, were also involved. Finally, the usefulness of surnames in the analysis of the population structure of a whole country, in this case Uruguay, was highlighted.
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