Ryegrass biotypes resistant to iodosulfuron methyl-sodium herbicide and herbicides alternatives to the control
Keywords:
ALS, lolium multiflorum, sulfonylurea, weedAbstract
Seeds biotypes suspected of resistance to iodosulfuron were collected in crops at Rio Grande do Sul (RS/Brazil) state aiming to identify the resistance level, metabolism, ALS enzyme activity and alternative herbicides to control. Was evaluated resistance level of resistant (Joi and Col) and susceptible biotypes with thirteen increasing rate of the herbicide iodosulfuron (0 to 384 g ai ha-1), sprayed in the vegetative stage of 3-4 leaves. Was assessed the metabolizing by the application of malathion, an inhibitor of P450 izoenzimas. Was evaluated the sensitivity of the ALS enzyme from different biotypes to iodosulfuron concentrations (0 to 500 mM) in laboratory. Were evaluated alternative herbicides to control of resistant ryegrass, belonging to different mechanisms of action in two trials (pre-emergence and post-emergent herbicides). According to results to equivalent control to the resistant biotypes are necessary iodosulfuron rates 10 (Col) and 8 (Joi) times higher that required to the susceptible biotype. To reduction of the MMSPA in 50% of resistant biotypes are required 6 (Col) and 8 (Joi) times higher rates than rate required for the susceptible biotype. The metabolism by inhibition of the P450 is not the mechanism responsible to the resistance in Col and Joi biotypes. The herbicide concentration that reduces 50% of ALS enzyme activity to Col biotype is similar to Susc, however, has little Joi biotype inhibition. The glyphosate and clethodim herbicides are shown as alternative to control the Col resistant biotype to iodosulfuron herbicide, and the clethodim herbicide to biotype Joi. Were efficiently controlled all biotypes evaluated with the herbicides imazapyr + imazapic, pendimethalin, clomazone, metribuzin, atrazine and S-metolachlor in pre-emergency.
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