Effects of years, locations and sowing date on the spring wheat yield performance
Keywords:
triticum aestivum L, genotype-by-environment interactions, repeatability, adaptability and stabilityAbstract
Understanding the environmental factors that influence genotype performance is an important step in a breeding program because large interactions can complicate the identification and recommendation of superior cultivars. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of years, locations and sowing dates on the performance of wheat genotypes in two growing regions of the State of Paraná, Brazil. The grain yield data for 17 wheat genotypes at two locations (Cascavel and Palotina, PR) over five years (2007 to 2011) for three sowing dates at each location in each year were used. Analyses of joint variance were performed, and the repeatability, adaptability and stability statistics of the genotypes were calculated for the different sowing dates. The effects of years (24.3%) and locations (12.5%) had greater contributions to the genotype-by-environment interaction (GEI), and the effect of the sowing dates contributed less (7.0%) to the GEI. To identify superior wheat genotypes with regard to grain yield with 80% precision, a total of 21 trials distributed across different years, locations and sowing dates must be used. The trials for the evaluation of wheat genotypes must include a greater number of years and lower numbers of sowing dates and locations. The CD 105, CD 114 and CD 150 cultivars at Cascavel and the CD 150, Onix and CD 119 cultivars at Palotina were shown to be stable and broadly adapted across different sowing dates, with high grain yield.
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