Existential feelings and body memory: two cases in philosophy of psychiatry

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24215/2422572Xe091

Keywords:

Existential feelings, Body memory, Phenomenology, Psychiatry

Abstract

The question that guides this work concerns the relationship between affectivity and memory from its corporal configuration. My aim is to evaluate the relationship between these two phenomena under the heading of two concepts: existential feelings and body memory, as present in contemporary phenomenology. In the current framework of interaction between phenomenology and psychiatry, the concept of existential feelings designates an important descriptive category related to the bodily structure of our affective experience and suggests a central role of certain bodily feelings that influence self-description (Ratcliffe, 2005; 2008; 2015). On the other hand, the notion of body memory describes how dispositions, capacities, and habits shape our experience without the need for explicit recollection (Fuchs, 2012; 2018). I maintain that the bodily element present in the formulation of these two concepts allows for a fruitful approach to the historical and affective conditioning aspects of our experience. In the last part, I examine two psychiatric cases that make explicit the mutual interaction between these phenomena on a pre-reflexive level, and I highlight the determining role of these phenomena in the emergence of anomalous experiences.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

Author Biography

Marcelo Vieira Lopes, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM, Brasil)

I am a Ph.D. candidate at the Philosophy Department of the Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Brazil. Currently, my work focuses on the intersection between phenomenology, philosophy of emotion and philosophy of psychiatry. In particular, my interest is to understand the role that emotions and feelings play in the constitution of disruptive experiences, especially psychiatric experiences.  

References

American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). American Psychiatric Association.

Anderson, M. & Hanslmayr, S. (2014). Neural mechanisms of motivated forgetting. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 18, (6) 279–292. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2014.03.002

Besche-Richard, C. (2013). Explicit and implicit memory in depressive patients. Review of the literature. Psychology, 4, (11a), 4-10. https://doi.org/10.4236/psych.2013.411A002

Blankenburg, W. (2001). First steps toward a psychopathology of "common sense". Philosophy, Psychiatry, and Psychology, 8 (4), 303-315. https://doi.org/10.1353/ppp.2002.0014

Caravà, M. (2020). An exploration into enactive forms of forgetting. Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11097-020-09670-6

Carel, H. (2013) Bodily doubt. Journal of Consciousness Studies, 20 (7–8). 178–197.

Carel, H. (2016). Phenomenology of illness. Oxford University Press.

Casey, E. (2000). Remembering: A phenomenological study. Indiana University Press.

Fuchs, T. (2003). The phenomenology of shame, guilt and the body in body dysmorphic disorder and depression. Journal of Phenomenological Psychology, 33, 223–243.

Fuchs, T. (2011). Body memory and the unconscious. Phaenomenologica, 199, 69– 82.

Fuchs, T. (2012). The phenomenology of body memory. In S. Koch, T. Fuchs, M. Summa, & C. Müller, (Eds.) Body memory, metaphor and movement (pp. 9– 22). John Benjamins.

Fuchs, T. (2018). Memória corporal e história de vida. In Fuchs, T. Para uma psiquiatria fenomenológica: Ensaios e conferências. Tradução de Marco Antônio Casanova. Via Verita.

Gallagher, S. & Zahavi, D. (2012). The phenomenological mind. Routledge.

Goldie, P. (2000) The emotions: A philosophical exploration. Clarendon Press.

Gross, J. (2002). Emotion regulation: Affective, cognitive, and social consequences. Psychophysiology, 3(39), 281–291. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0048577201393198

Hardy, A. (2017). Pathways from trauma to psychotic experiences: A theoretically informed model of posttraumatic stress in psychosis. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, 697. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00697

Heidegger, M. (2001). Zollikon seminars: Protocols, conversations, letters. Northwestern Univ. Press.

Kensinger, E. A., & Schacter, D. L. (2008). Memory and emotion. In M. Lewis, J. M. Haviland-Jones, & L. F. Barrett (Eds.), Handbook of emotions (pp. 601–617). Guilford.

Laing, R.D. (1990). The divided self: An existential study in sanity and madness. Penguin Books.

Manzotti, R. (2012). An externalist approach to existential feelings: Different feelings or different objects? In J. Fingerhut & S. Marienberg (Eds.), Feelings of being alive (pp. 79–99). De Gruyter.

McIlwain, D., Taylor, A., & Geeves, A. (2010). Fullness of feeling: Reflection, rumination, depression and the specificity of autobiographical memories. Proceedings of the 9th Conference of the Australasian Society for Cognitive Science. (pp. 238-244). Sydney.

Michaelian, K. & Sutton, J. (2017). Memory. The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Edward N. Zalta (ed.). https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/sum2017/entries/memory

Morgan, C. & Gayer‐Anderson, C. (2016), Childhood adversities and psychosis: evidence, challenges, implications. World Psychiatry, 15, 93-102. https://doi.org/doi:10.1002/wps.20330

Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (2000). The role of rumination in depressive disorders and mixed anxiety/depressive symptoms. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 109(3), 504-11. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.109.3.504

Parnas, J. & Zahavi, D. (2000). The link: Philosophy-psychopathology-phenomenology. In D. Zahavi (Ed.) Exploring the self. Philosophical and psychopathological perspectives on self-experience. John Benjamins.

Ratcliffe, M. (2005). The feeling of being. Journal of Consciousness Studies, 12, (8–10), 45–63.

Ratcliffe, M. (2008). Feelings of being. Oxford University Press.

Ratcliffe, M. (2015). Experiences of depression. Oxford University Press;

Ratcliffe, M. (2017). Selfhood, schizophrenia, and the interpersonal regulation of experience. In C. Durt, T. Fuchs, & C. Tewes (Eds.) Embodiment, enaction, and culture: Investigating the constitution of the shared world. The MIT Press.

Read et al., (2005). Sexual and physical abuse during childhood and adulthood as predictors of hallucinations, delusions and thought disorder. Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, 76, 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1348/14760830260569210

Reis, R. (2016). A abordagem fenomenológico-existencial da enfermidade: Uma revisão. Revista Natureza Humana, 18(1).

Reisberg & Hertel, (2004). Preface. In D. Reisberg & P. Hertel (Eds.) Memory and emotion. Oxford University Press.

Reisberg, D. & Heuer, F. (2004). Memory for emotional events. In D. Reisberg & P. Hertel (Eds.) Memory and emotion. Oxford University Press.

Riva, G. (2018). The neuroscience of body memory: From the self through the space to the others. Cortex, 104, 241–260. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2017.07.013

Roediger III, H.L., Zaromb, F.M., & Lin, W. (2017). A typology of memory terms. In R. Menzel (Ed.). Learning theory and behavior [Vol. 1 of Learning and memory: A comprehensive reference]. Academic Press.

Rowlands, M. (2016). Memory and the self: Phenomenology, science and autobiography. Oxford University Press.

Saarinen, J. (2018). A critical examination of existential feeling. Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences, 17, 363–374. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11097-017-9512-4;

Sass, L. & Parnas, J. (2003). Schizophrenia, consciousness, and the self. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 29(3), 427-444. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.schbul.a007017

Schacter, D. (1987). Implicit memory: History and current status. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning Memory and Cognition, 13(3), 501-518. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.13.3.501

Sheets-Johnstone, M. (2012). Kinesthetic memory: Further critical reflections and constructive analyses. In S. Koch, T. Fuchs, M. Summa, & C. Müller, (Eds.) Body memory, metaphor and movement (pp. 43-72). John Benjamins.

Sutton, J., & Williamson, K. (2014). Embodied remembering. In L. Shapiro (Ed.) The Routledge handbook of embodied cognition. Routledge

Trakas, M. (no prelo). No trace beyond their name? Affective memories, a forgotten concept. L'année psychologique / Topics in Cognitive Psychology.

Watkins, P. (1996). Unconscious mood-congruent memory bias in depression. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 105(1), 34-41. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.105.1.34

Watkins, P. (2002). Implicit memory bias in depression. Cognition and Emotion, 16 (3), 381-402. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699930143000536

Published

2021-04-09

How to Cite

Vieira Lopes, M. (2021). Existential feelings and body memory: two cases in philosophy of psychiatry . Journal of Psychology, 20(1), 285–304. https://doi.org/10.24215/2422572Xe091