Crecimiento de la productividad y sectores relacionados con la infraestructura
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24215/18521649e043Palabras clave:
productividad laboral, infraestructura, datos en panel, selección automáticaResumen
No existe un consenso total sobre qué sector de infraestructura es más importante para el crecimiento y los resultados pueden depender de los datos y la metodología empleados. En este trabajo se desarrolla un marco para explorar el desempeño de los sectores relacionados con la infraestructura en términos de su contribución al crecimiento de la productividad sectorial. Con base en una selección de 25 países del conjunto de datos globales del GGDC sobre productividad laboral anual para 10 sectores a lo largo de 4 décadas y usando controles seleccionados, utilizamos un algoritmo automático para seleccionar variables significativas y estimar efectos a corto y largo plazo. Las elasticidades estimadas muestran efectos diferenciales entre sectores y la magnitud cuantitativa de los mismo es bastante significativa. Los shocks de productividad en la infraestructura energética predominan sobre los de la infraestructura de transporte en cuanto a efectos agregados, pero operan indirectamente a través de la productividad agrícola, mientras que las mejoras en el transporte tienen impactos directos. Nuestros resultados no parecen respaldar la hipótesis de que los shocks de productividad de la infraestructura aumenten las brechas o disparidades de productividad entre sectores. Finalmente, ilustramos la magnitud relativa de efectos directos e indirectos y los canales sectoriales que simulan los shocks de productividad de la infraestructura para la región de ALC.
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Derechos de autor 2025 Fernando Navajas, Hildegart Ahumada, Santos Espina Mairal

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